Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers

In his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie and Winfield, Tom and the preacher. Noah stood on the ground, looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck (Steinbeck 113)† This passage relates to the loading of animals into Noah’s Ark in Genesis 7:15 where it is written that the animals went into the ark in pairs. In the book, Steinbeck uses the truck to represent the ark while the family represents the animals going into the ark two by two. Although it is depicted in the Bible that the animals went in as couples, male and female, there were not enough female characters for Steinbeck to be able to have them get into the truck in couples. Steinbeck might have made Noah’s name Noah for this purpose to give an allusion that this passage was to mirror the act of Noah’s Ark. The second reference to Noah’s Ark is revealed near the end of the novel. â€Å"The rain began in gusty showers†¦for two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full†¦the rain beat on steadily†¦level fields became lakes†¦streams broke†¦and spread out over the country (Steinbeck 432-434).† This passage illustrates the great rain that comes to California and floods the valleys and over the fields. It floods the tents and homes of the Okies and causes them to move elsewhere to find shelter from the rain... ...till-born baby. The image when Uncle John floats the dead baby down the flooded steam is a reference to baby Moses when he is places into the Nile in a basket. Both babies were sent off into the world with the same message in mind, to tell of the plight of the people, which for the Joad’s was the harsh living conditions and lack of food and home, while for the Israelites was the inhumane murder of their baby boys. â€Å"‘Go down an’ tell em’. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell em’ that way. That’s the way you can talk’ (Steinbeck 448).† Steinbeck uses biblical allusions and references throughout his novel, from the very beginning to the climax and the end. The novel becomes a more meaningful and complex book with the use of these allusions and causes it to relate more and more with the Great Depression where many problems with authorities and social problems arose. Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers In his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie and Winfield, Tom and the preacher. Noah stood on the ground, looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck (Steinbeck 113)† This passage relates to the loading of animals into Noah’s Ark in Genesis 7:15 where it is written that the animals went into the ark in pairs. In the book, Steinbeck uses the truck to represent the ark while the family represents the animals going into the ark two by two. Although it is depicted in the Bible that the animals went in as couples, male and female, there were not enough female characters for Steinbeck to be able to have them get into the truck in couples. Steinbeck might have made Noah’s name Noah for this purpose to give an allusion that this passage was to mirror the act of Noah’s Ark. The second reference to Noah’s Ark is revealed near the end of the novel. â€Å"The rain began in gusty showers†¦for two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full†¦the rain beat on steadily†¦level fields became lakes†¦streams broke†¦and spread out over the country (Steinbeck 432-434).† This passage illustrates the great rain that comes to California and floods the valleys and over the fields. It floods the tents and homes of the Okies and causes them to move elsewhere to find shelter from the rain... ...till-born baby. The image when Uncle John floats the dead baby down the flooded steam is a reference to baby Moses when he is places into the Nile in a basket. Both babies were sent off into the world with the same message in mind, to tell of the plight of the people, which for the Joad’s was the harsh living conditions and lack of food and home, while for the Israelites was the inhumane murder of their baby boys. â€Å"‘Go down an’ tell em’. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell em’ that way. That’s the way you can talk’ (Steinbeck 448).† Steinbeck uses biblical allusions and references throughout his novel, from the very beginning to the climax and the end. The novel becomes a more meaningful and complex book with the use of these allusions and causes it to relate more and more with the Great Depression where many problems with authorities and social problems arose.

Observation and Child

Date of Observation: 26th January 2012 Time started and finished of observation 09. 40-10. 00 Number of children present: 16 Number of adults present: Two childcare worker two students (Including me the observer) Permission obtained from: Supervisor Description of setting: This observation took place in a pre-school in a village in the midlands. It took place in a morning session in the pre –school class. It caters for two years and six months to school going age. The pre-school is open from 9. 30 am– 12. 30pm Monday to Friday and caters for 18 children. It is one large room all female staff. Immediate context: The observation took place in the large play room. This is a large airy room with plenty of colourful toys. The room can accommodate a total of 18 children and there are 15 present today. Brief description of the child observed: TC is a female 3 year and three month old. TC four years old sister attends the pre-school. TC mother runs the pre-school. TC has brown hair. TC father works full time. TC lives with both parents, TC is sitting at a table for most of this observation playing with a van, digger and a truck. Aim of observation: The aim of this observation is to observe a TC for a period of 20 minutes in order to see TC emotional development in the free flow play of a child 3 years and three months. I would hope over the 20 minutes that the child has emotional develop. My personal aim for this observation is to learn how they are done and improve on my observation skills and to become a better observer. Method: Narrative Media used: Pen and paper Evaluation: The aim of the observation is to observe the physical development of a child that is 3 years and one month. Personal learning: The observation method worked well for the physical development, especial when she was playing at the table. Observation. The narrative method was a good to use to observe the child movements . The narrative method trained me to watch the child and to listen to them to pick up the child physical developments. The narrative method provides a lot of information about the child. I don’t think the pre-school effect the child to develop. Recommendation: observations are important as they can pick up on any difficulties the child may be having no matter how small it could be. I observed the child inside and out and observed in doing her playing stated on my narrative observation. If i was to pick game using blocks so that a child would be able to build them up. This would show a child fine motor skills. This was my first observation to do and it went very well and I am very happy with it. For the next observation I will be more prepared, and I know when the best time is to do an observation. Bibliography: Flood E (2010) child development for students in Ireland. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan

Deaths in The Iliad Battlefield Dying as Told by Homer

The Iliad, the Greek poet Homers 8th century B.C.E. epic about the last few weeks of the Trojan War, is full of death. Two hundred forty battlefield deaths are described in The Iliad, 188 Trojans, and 52 Greeks. Wounds are inflicted on almost every part of the anatomy, and the only field surgery described consists of bandaging and tying a sling around an injured limb to support it, bathing a wound in warm water, and applying external herbal painkillers. No two death scenes are exactly alike in the Iliad, but a pattern is apparent. The most common elements are 1) the attack when a weapon strikes a victim causing a fatal injury, 2) a description of the victim, and 3) a description of the death. Some of the deaths include movement of the combatants on the battlefield and a verbal challenge, and in some cases, there may be a follow-up boast over the corpse or an attempt to strip off the victims armor. Metaphors of Death Homer uses metaphorical language indicating that the victim has died, along with a comment on the psyche or thymos departing from the corpse. The metaphor is almost always darkness or black night covering the victims eyes or blackness taking, loosening or pouring over the dying man. The death throes can be brief or expanded, they sometimes include grisly detail, imagery, and a brief biography or obituary. The victim is often compared to a tree or animal. Only three warriors have dying words in The Iliad: Patroclus to Hector, warning him that Achilles will be his slayer; Hector to Achilles, warning him that Paris aided by Phoebus Apollo will slay him; and Sarpedon to Glaucus, reminding him to go and get the Lycian leaders to avenge his death. List of Deaths in The Iliad In this list of deaths in The Iliad appear the name of the killer, his affiliation (using the simplified terms Greek and Trojan), the victim, his affiliation, the manner of death, and the book of the Iliad and line number. Deaths in Books 4 Through 8 Antilochus (Greek) kills Echepolus (Trojan) (spear in the head) (4.529)Agenor (Trojan) kills Elephenor (Greek) (spear in the side) (4.543)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Simoeisius (Trojan) (speared in the nipple) (4.549)Antiphus (Trojan) kills Leucus (Greek) (speared in the groin) (4.569)Odysseus (Greek) kills Democoà ¶n (Trojan) (spear through the head) (4.579)Peirous (Trojan) kills Diores (Greek) (hit with a rock, then speared in the gut) (4.598)Thoas (Greek) kills Peirous (Trojan) (spear in the chest, sword in the gut) (4.608)Diomedes (Greek) kills Phegeus (Trojan) (spear in the chest) (5.19)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Odius (Trojan) (spear in the back) (5.42)Idomeneus (Greek) kills Phaestus (spear in the shoulder) (5.48)Menelaus (Greek) kills Scamandrius (spear in the back) (5.54)Meriones (Greek) kills Phereclus (Trojan) (spear in the buttock) (5.66)Meges (Greek) kills Pedaeus (Greek) (spear in the neck) (5.78)Eurypylus (Greek) kills Hypsenor (Trojan) (arm cut off) (5.86)Diomedes (Greek) kills Astynous (Trojan) (spear in the chest) (5.164)Diomedes (Greek) kills Hypeiron (Trojan) (sword in the collar bone) (5.165)Diomedes (Greek) kills Abas (Trojan) (5.170)Diomedes (Greek) kills Polyidus (Trojan) (5.170)Diomedes (Greek) kills Xanthus (Trojan) (5.174)Diomedes (Greek) kills Thoon (Trojan) (5.174)Diomedes (Greek) kills Echemmon (Trojan) (5.182)Diomedes (Greek) kills Chromius (Trojan) (5.182)Diomedes (Greek) kills Pandarus (Trojan) (spear in the nose) (5.346)Diomedes (Greek) wounds Aeneas (Trojan) with a rock (5.359)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Deicoon (Trojan), spear in the stomach (5.630)Aeneas (Trojan) kills Crethon (Greek)Aeneas (Trojan) kills Orsilochus (Greek)Menelaus (Greek) kills Phlaemenes (Trojan), spear in the collar bone (5.675)Antilochus (Greek) kills Mydon (Trojan), sword in the head, stomped by his horses (5.680)Hector (Trojan) kills Menesthes (Greek) (5.714)Hector (Trojan) kills Anchialus (Greek) (5.714)Ajax son of Telamon kills Amphion (Trojan), spea r in the gut (5.717)Sarpedon (Trojan) kills Tlepolemus (Greek), spear in the neck (5.764)Tlepolemus (Greek) wounds Sarpedon (Trojan) spear in the thigh (5.764)Odysseus (Greek) kills Cocranus (Trojan) (5.783)Odysseus (Greek) kills Alastor (Trojan) (5.783)Odysseus (Greek) kills Chromius (Trojan) (5.783)Odysseus (Greek) kills Alcandrus (Trojan) (5.784)Odysseus (Greek) kills Halius (Trojan) (5.784)Odysseus (Greek) kills Noemon (Trojan) (5.784)Odysseus (Greek) kills Prytanis (Trojan) (5.784)Hector (Trojan) kills Teuthras (Greek) (5.811)Hector (Trojan) kills Orestes (Greek) (5.811)Hector (Trojan) kills Trechus (Greek) (5.812)Hector (Trojan) kills Oenomaus (Greek) (5.812)Hector (Trojan) kills Helenus (Greek) (5.813)Hector (Trojan) kills Oresbius (Greek) (5.813)Ares kills Periphas (Greek) (5.970)Diomedes wounds Ares in the gut (5.980)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Acamas (Trojan), spear in the head (6.9)Diomedes (Greek) kills Axylus (Trojan) (6.14)Diomedes (Greek) kills Calesius (Trojan) (6.20)Euryalus (Greek) kills Dresus (Trojan) (6.23)Euryalus (Greek) kills Opheltius (Trojan) (6.23)Euryalus (Greek) kills Aesepus (Trojan) (6.24)Euryalus (Greek) kills Pedasus (Trojan) (6.24)Polypoetes (Greek) kills Astyalus (Trojan) (6.33)Odysseus (Greek) kills Pidytes (Trojan), with his spear (6.34)Teucer (Greek) kills Aretaon (Trojan) (6.35)Antilochus (Greek) kills Ableros (Trojan), with his spear (6.35)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Elatus (Trojan) (6.38)Leitus (Greek) kills Phylacus (Trojan) (6.41)Eurypylus (Greek) kills Melanthus (6.42)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Adrestus (Trojan), spear in the side (6.76)Paris (Trojan) kills Menesthius (Greek) (7.8)Hector (Trojan) kills Eioneus (Greek), spear in the neck (7.11)Glaucus (Trojan) kills Iphinous (Greek), spear in the shoulder (7.13)Diomedes (Greek) kills Eniopeus (Trojan), spear in the chest (8.138)Diomedes (Greek) kills Agelaos (Trojan), spear in the back (8.300)Teucer (Greek) kills Orsilochos (Trojan), with an arrow (8.321)Teucer (Greek) kills Ormenus (Trojan), with an arrow (8.321)Teucer (Greek) kills Ophelestes (Trojan), with an arrow (8.321)Teucer (Greek) kills Daitor (Trojan), with an arrow (8.322)Teucer (Greek) kills Chromius (Trojan), with an arrow (8.322)Teucer (Greek) kills Lycophontes (Trojan), with an arrrow (8.322)Teucer (Greek) kills Amopaon (Trojan), with an arrow (8.323)Teucer (Greek) kills Melanippus (Trojan), with an arrow (8.323)Teucer (Greek) kills Gorgythion (Trojan), with an arrow (8.353)Teucer (Greek) kills Archeptolemos (Trojan), with an arrow (8.363)Hector (Trojan) wounds Teucer (Greek), with a rock (8.380) Deaths in Books 10 Through 14 Diomedes (Greek) kills Dolon (Trojan), sword across the neck (10.546)Diomedes (Greek) kills twelve sleeping Thracian soldiers (10.579) (includes Rhesus)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Bienor (Trojan) (11.99)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Oileus (Trojan), spear in the head, (11.103)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Isus (Trojan), spear in the chest (11.109)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Antiphus (Trojan), sword in the head (11.120)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Peisander (Trojan), spear in the chest (11.160)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Hippolochus (Trojan), sword cuts off his head (11.165)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Iphidamas T), sword in the neck (11.270)Coà ¶n (Trojan) wounds Agamemnon (Greek), spear in the arm (11.288)Agamemnon (Greek) kills Coà ¶n (Trojan), spear in the side (11.295)Hector (Trojan) kills Asaeus (Greek) (11.341)Hector (Trojan) kills Autonous (Greek) (11.341)Hector (Trojan) kills Opites (Greek) (11.341)Hector (Trojan) kills Dolops (Greek) (11.342)Hector (Trojan) kills Opheltius (Greek) (11.324)Hector (Trojan) k ills Agelaus (Greek) (11.325)Hector (Trojan) kills Aesymnus (Greek) (11.325)Hector (Trojan) kills Orus (Greek) (11.343)Hector (Trojan) kills Hipponous (Greek) (11.325)Diomedes (Greek) kills Thymbraeus (Trojan), spear in the chest (11.364)Odysseus (Greek) kills Molion (Trojan) (11.366)Diomedes (Greek) kills two sons of Merops (Trojan) (11.375)Odysseus (Greek) kills Hippodamas (Trojan) (11.381)Odysseus (Greek) kills Hypeirochus (Trojan) (11.381)Diomedes (Greek) kills Agastrophus (Trojan), spear in the hip (11.384)Paris (Trojan) wounds Diomedes (Greek), arrow in the foot (11.430)Odysseus (Greek) kills Deà ¯opites (Trojan) (11.479)Odysseus (Greek) kills Thoà ¶n (Trojan) (11.481)Odysseus (Greek) kills Ennomus (Greek) (11.481)Odysseus (Greek) kills Chersidamas (Trojan), spear in the groin (11.481)Odysseus (Greek) kills Charops (Trojan) (11.485)Odysseus (Greek) kills Socus (Trojan), spear in the back (11.506)Socus (Trojan) wounds Odysseus (Greek), spear in the ribs (11.493)Ajax son of Te lamon (Greek) kills Doryclus (Trojan) (11.552)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Pandocus (Trojan) (11.553)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Lysander (Trojan) (11.554)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Pyrasus (Trojan) (11.554)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Pylantes (Trojan) (11.554)Eurypylus (Greek) kills Apisaon (Trojan), spear in the liver (11.650)Polypoetes (Greek) kills Damasus (Trojan), spear through the cheek (12.190);Polypoetes (Greek) kills Pylon (Trojan) (12.194)Polypoetes (Greek) kills Ormenus (Trojan) (12.194)Leonteus (Greek) kills Hippomachus, spear in the stomach (12.196)Leonteus (Greek) kills Antiphates (Trojan), struck with a sword (12.198)Leonteus (Greek) kills Menon (Trojan) (12.201)Leonteus (Greek) kills Iamenus (Trojan) (12.201)Leonteus (Greek) kills Orestes (Trojan) (12.201)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Epicles (Trojan), rock in the skull (12.416)Teucer (Greek) wounds Glaucus (Trojan), arrow in the arm (12.425)Sarpedon (Trojan) kills Alcmaon (Greek), spear in the body (12.434)Teucer (Greek) kills Imbrius (Trojan), spear in the ear (13.198)Hector (Trojan) kills Amphimachus (Greek), spear in the chest (13.227)Idomeneus (Greek) kills Othryoneus (Trojan), spear in the gut, (13.439 ff)Idomeneus (Greek) kills Asius (Trojan), spear in the neck (13.472)Antilochus (Greek) kills Asius charioteer, spear in the gut (13.482)Deà ¯phobus (Trojan) kills Hypsenor (Greek), spear in the liver (13.488) (wounded?)Idomeneus (Greek) kills Alcathous (Trojan), spear in the chest (13.514 ff)Idomeneus (Greek) kills Oenomaus (Trojan), spear in the stomach (13.608)Deà ¯phobus (Trojan) kills Ascalaphus (Greek), spear in the shoulder (13.621)Meriones (Greek) wounds Deà ¯phobus (Trojan) spear in the arm (13.634)Aeneas (Trojan) kills Aphareus (Greek), spear in the throat (13.647)Antilochus (Greek) kills Thoà ¶n (Greek), spear in the back (13.652).Meriones (Greek) kills Adamas (Trojan), spear in the testicles (13.677).Helenus (Trojan) kills Deà ¯pyrus (Greek), sw ord on the head (13.687)Menelaus (Greek) wounds Helenus (Trojan), spear in the hand (13.705)Menelaus (Greek) kills Peisander (Trojan), sword in the head (13.731)Meriones (Greek) kills Harpalion (Trojan), arrow in the buttock (13.776)Paris (Trojan) kills Euchenor (Greek), arrow in the jaw (13.800)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) hits Hector (Trojan) with a rock (14.477)Ajax son of Oileus (Greek) kills Satnius (Trojan), spear in the side (14.517)Polydamas (Trojan) kills Prothoà «nor (Greek), spear in the shoulder (14.525)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Archelochus, spear in the neck (14.540)Acamas (Trojan) kills Promachus (Greek), spear (14.555)Peneleus (Greek) kills Ilioneus (Trojan), spear in the eye (14.570)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Hyrtius (14.597)Meriones (Greek) kills Morys (14.601)Meriones (Greek) kills Hippotion (14.601)Teucer (Greek) kills Prothoà ¶n (Trojan) (14.602)Teucer (Greek) kills Periphetes (Trojan) (14.602)Menelaus (Greek) kills Hyperenor (Trojan), spear in th e side (14.603)Phalces (Trojan) killed (death not mentioned but armor stripped) (14.600)Mermerus (Trojan) killed (death not mentioned but armor stripped) (14.600) Deaths in Books 15 Through 17 Hector (Trojan) kills Stichius (Greek) (15.389)Hector (Trojan) kills Aresilaus (Greek) (15.389)Aeneas (Trojan) kills Medon (Greek) (15.392)Aeneas (Trojan) kills Iasus (Greek) (15.392)Polydamas (Trojan) kills Mecistus (Greek) (15.399)Polites (Trojan) kills Echius (Greek) (15.400)Agenor (Trojan) kills Clonius (15.401)Paris (Trojan) kills Deà ¯ochus (Greek), spear through the back (15.402)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Caletor (Trojan), spear in the chest (15.491)Hector (Trojan) kills Lycophron (Greek) spear in the head (15.503)Teucer (Greek) kills Cleitus (Greek), arrow in the back of the neck (15.521)Hector (Trojan) kills Schedius (Greek) (15.607)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Laodamas (Trojan) (15.608)Polydamas (Trojan) kills Otus (Greek) (15.610)Meges (Greek) kills Croesmus (Trojan), spear in the chest (15.616)Menelaus (Greek) kills Dolops (Trojan), speared in the back (15.636)Antilochus (Greek) kills Melanippus (Trojan), spear in the chest (15.675)Hector (Trojan) kills Perip hetes (Greek), spear in the chest (15.744)Patroclus (Greek) kills Pyraechmes (Trojan), spear in the shoulder (16.339)Patroclus (Greek) kills Areilycus (Trojan), spear in the thigh (16.361)Menelaus (Greek) kills Thoas (Trojan), spear in the chest (16.365)Meges (Greek) kills Amphiclus (Trojan), spear in the leg (16.367)Antilochus (Greek) kills Atymnius (Trojan), spear in the side (16.372)Thrasymedes (Greek) kills Maris (Trojan), spear in the shoulder (16.377)Ajax son of Oileus (Greek) kills Cleobulus (Trojan), sword in the neck (16.386)Peneleus (Greek) kills Lyco (Greek), sword in the neck (16.395)Meriones (Greek) kills Acamas (Trojan), spear in the shoulder (16.399)Idomeneus (Greek) kills Erymas (Trojan), spear in the mouth (16.403)Patroclus (Greek) kills Pronous (Trojan), spear in the chest (16.464)Patroclus (Greek) kills Thestor (Trojan), spear in the head (16.477)Patroclus (Greek) kills Erylaus (Trojan), rock on the head (16.479)Patroclus (Greek) kills Erymas (Trojan) (16.484)Patr oclus (Greek) kills Amphoterus (Trojan) (16.484)Patroclus (Greek) kills Epaltes (Trojan) (16.484)Patroclus (Greek) kills Tlepolemus (Trojan) (16.485)Patroclus (Greek) kills Echius (Trojan) (16.485)Patroclus (Greek) kills Pyris (Trojan) (16.486)Patroclus (Greek) kills Ipheus (Trojan) (16.486)Patroclus (Greek) kills Euippus (Trojan) (16.486)Patroclus (Greek) kills Polymelus (Trojan) (16.486)Patroclus (Greek) kills Thrasymedes (Trojan), spear in the gut (16.542)Patroclus (Greek) kills Sarpedon (Trojan), spear in the chest (16.559)Hector (Trojan) kills Epeigeus (Greek), rock on the head (16.666)Patroclus (Greek) kills Sthenelaus (Trojan), rock on the head (16.682)Glaucus (Trojan) kills Bathycles (Greek), spear in the chest (16.691)Meriones (Greek) kills Laogonus (Trojan), spear in the jaw (16.702)Patroclus (Greek) kills Adrestus (Trojan) (16.808)Patroclus (Greek) kills Autonous (Trojan) (16.809)Patroclus (Greek) kills Echeclus (Trojan) (16.809)Patroclus (Greek) kills Perimus (Trojan) (1 6.809)Patroclus (Greek) kills Epistor (Trojan) (16.810)Patroclus (Greek) kills Melanippus (Trojan) (16.810)Patroclus (Greek) kills Elasus (Trojan) (16.811)Patroclus (Greek) kills Mulius (Trojan) (16.811)Patroclus (Greek) kills Pylantes (Trojan) (16.811)Patroclus (Greek) kills Cebriones (Trojan), rock in the head (16.859)Hector (Trojan) kills Patroclus (Greek) (16.993)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Hippothous (Trojan), spear in the head (17.377)Hector (Trojan) kills Scedius (Greek), spear in the collar (17.393)Ajax son of Telamon (Greek) kills Phorcys (Trojan), spear in the gut (17.399)Aeneas (Trojan) kills Leocritus (Greek), (17.439);Lycomedes (Greek) kills Apisaon (Trojan) (17.443)Automedon (Greek) kills Aretus (Trojan), spear in the gut (17.636)Menelaus (Trojan) kills Podes (Trojan), spear in the stomach (17.704)Hector (Trojan) kills Coeranus (Greek), spear in the head (17.744) Deaths in Books 20 to 22 Achilles (Greek) kills Iphition (Trojan), spear in the head (20.463)Achilles (Greek) kills Demoleon (Trojan), spear in the head (20.476)Achilles (Greek) kills Hippodamas (Trojan), spear in the back (20.480)Achilles (Greek) kills Polydorus (Trojan), spear in the back (20.488)Achilles (Greek) kills Dryops (Trojan), spear in the knee, sword thrust (20.546)Achilles (Greek) kills Demouchos (Trojan) spear thrust (20.548).Achilles (Greek) kills Laogonus (Trojan), spear thrust (20.551)Achilles (Greek) kills Dardanus (Trojan), sword thrust (20.551)Achilles (Greek) kills Tros (Trojan), sword in the liver (20.555)Achilles (Greek) kills Mulius (Trojan), spear in the head (20.567)Achilles (Greek) kills Echeclus (Trojan), sword on the head (20.569)Achilles (Greek) kills Deucalion (Trojan), sword in the neck (20.573)Achilles (Greek) kills Rhigmus (Trojan), spear in the gut (20.581)Achilles (Greek) kills Areithous (Trojan), spear in the back (20.586)Achilles (Greek) kills Lycaon (Trojan), sword in t he neck (21.138)Achilles (Greek) kills Asteropaeus (Trojan), sword in the stomach (21.215)Achilles (Greek) kills Thersilochus (Trojan) (21.249)Achilles (Greek) kills Mydon (Trojan) (21.249)Achilles (Greek) kills Astypylus (Trojan) (21.250)Achilles (Greek) kills Mnesus (Trojan) (21.250)Achilles (Greek) kills Thrasius (Trojan) (21.250)Achilles (Greek) kills Aenius (Trojan) (21.250)Achilles (Greek) kills Ophelestes (Trojan) (21.251)Achilles (Greek) kills Hector (Trojan), spear through the throat (22.410) Sources Garland, Robert. â€Å"The Causation Of Death In The Iliad: A Theological And Biological Investigation.†Ã‚  Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, vol. 28, no. 1, 1981, pp. 43–60.Morrison, James V. â€Å"Homeric Darkness: Patterns and Manipulation of Death Scenes in the Iliad.†Ã‚  Hermes, vol. 127, no. 2, 1999, pp. 129–144.Johnston, Ian. Deaths in the Iliad.

Normal Boiling Point Definition (Chemistry)

Chapter 47 in Oliver Twist Essay - 1946 Words

Chapter 47 in Oliver Twist The opening paragraph of chapter 47 in Oliver Twist - Fatal Consequences sets the scene for the rest of the chapter. We are also given a detailed description of the character Fagin. Straight away this demonstrates to us one of the techniques Dickens uses in his books. Giving the chapter the title Fatal Consequences immediately gives the impression that something dark and evil is going to happen. He tends to do this quite a lot - throughout the chapter he hints to us, almost in riddle, what is going to happen. Dickens uses phrases such as the streets are silent to describe the place and time. This sets up and eerie, mysterious atmosphere creating a sense of†¦show more content†¦He uses adjectives such as distorted and hideous to give the reader the intended twisted image of what Fagin looks like. Fagin is again made to sound evil by Dickens by being compared to a phantom moist from the grave. This emphasises how bad he must look, either suggesting he looks like a ghost or someone that has come back from the dead. (Or possibly both!) Another way he could be described as inhuman is by Dickens describing his eyes as being red. It is quite unlikely this was Dickenss intention, but it could suggest he is like the devil. This would be even more of an insult to Fagin back in the time the book was written because people were much more religious and the devil would be regarded as a much stronger figure of evil as it is now. This isnt the only part of the chapter that Fagin is referred to as not being human. He is also described as being similar to an animal. We first notice this when Dickens speaks of Fagins long black nails and then soon after when he talks about his teeth which should have been a dogs or rats As well as the time Fagin is up making him sound evil, the way his home is described as a lair does this too. It could also sound like the place an animal would live - Dickens is constantly giving hints to the reader about how evil Fagin is and we continue to notice thisShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Language in Chapter 47 of Charles Dickens Oliver Twist1341 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage manipulate the reader’s sympathies in Chapter 47 of ‘Oliver Twist’? The novel ‘Oliver Twist’, written by Charles Dickens explores eighteenth century Britain and how the divide between classes affected society. Published in 1838, this fictional tale highlights the abuse and violence in 1800 Britain, venturing into the social and economical divide and focussing on the underclass, which at this time lived in harsh, squalor and awful conditions. Chapter 47 reveals the themes of criminality and schemingRead MoreTension, Anticipation, and Suspense in Oliver Twist Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens wrote ‘Oliver Twist’ between 1873 and 1839. Oliver Twist is Charles Dickens second novel. 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Global Marketing Strategy of Apple Inc. Get Free Solution

Question: 1. Describe about the Apples global marketing strategies in terms of developing the competitive edge and sustainability strategies? 2. What should Tim Cook extrapolate, and why? 3. Please address John Tarpeys concerns? Answer: 1. In the globalised world, Apple Inc is one of the major telecommunication provider brand. Apple is offering their product users in obtaining best possible experience. Apple is empowering customers demands their innovative products and services. Apple Inc is facing intense challenge from the global competitors like Blackberry, Samsung, HP, Nokia, Microsoft, HTC, Lenovo and Motorola. Mainly Apple Inc is offering global customers with hardware, software, and peripherals regarding the telecommunication and computing devices via online shopping channels from the year 2010-11. The organisation is having high brand value (Apple.com, 2015). In addition, Apple Inc is offering post sales services and internet policies for the global customers. In addition, in the post-recessional market, people are looking for technological advantage for meeting daily actions and lifestyle related action strategies. Business strategy of Apple is emphasising on the design and features of operating systems tha t are used and self developed for mobile or cellular devices like I-Phone, I-Pad and many other Apple Mac Book by the year 2008-09. These are all Apples operative policies. On the contrary, Increasing IT market competition is limiting the share of the market. Therefore, marketing and advertising campaigns are required to be modified in terms of managing customers attraction and perception. Apple Inc is proving to have the capabilities of developing positive brand awareness among the global customers. The logo of Apple is playing a vital role in creating stronger demand of products in UK other global markets. Apple is incurring the annual advertising budget of more than $1 billion during the years of 2013 and 2014. They are promoting products rapidly to meet the competition from Samsung Electronics, Google, Microsoft, and Dell who are mainly the leader of IT industry (Apple.com, 2015). 2. Tim Cook being the CEO of Apple Inc must be aware of the market state as well as developing certain competitive strategies that will increase the rate of market share and profitability. In addition, he is supposed to manage the threat of Samsung Electronics, IBM, Dell, Google, HTC, Microsoft, Motorola, LG, Hewlett-Packard Company in terms of mobile or computing devices. Apart from this apple is also facing the challenge from the Lenovo, Sony, Blackberry, and many other regional organisations. Therefore, he must be employing proper policy of marketing and promotion in meeting the challenges from the market. However, he will face certain complexity of selecting viable channel in meeting the market attributes. Moreover, he will faces the complexity of image related problem that Steve Jobs have on the customers and after his death Tim Cook will face an uncertainty among the peoples. Therefore, he bmust be involving the brand value by producing more fault free Apple products. Tim Cook must be employing proper strategies in terms of managing threat of competitions, economical sustainability and managing technological development. Apple is facing intense level of competition that is hampering the growth in technology markets (Viju, Yeung Kerr, 2013). Tim Cook must be developing research and development related strategies to develop products as per customers demands and perception. In addition, products pricing strategies must be concentrating on the financial and purchasing power of the customers. Mainly, Apple is offering luxury products and marketing policy must be designed in obtaining feasible competitive proportion. However, market analysis is providing certain faulty reports in the products like iPod and Apple Mac operating systems. Therefore, CEO Tim Cook must be developing certain strategies to mitigate the faults and develop the products to attract customers more. Distribution policy of Apple must be developed in certain manner that they can reach more customers (Apple.com, 2015). 3. John Tarpey, senior financial analyst of Apple, has some serious concerns about the financial growth of company. Tarpey implemented a comprehensive analysis of the 2010 financial performance and strategic strategies of Apple Inc. He was concerned about how Apples performance continued to be outstanding, while the world and US economy was falt to negative. He soughed answers to the question that if Apple could sustain this high level of performance and major innovation. Tarpey noted that there were nine positive Increases versus three negative ones and that Apple need to take some solid steps to outweigh the negative effects of 2009 world-wide crisis. He was also concerned about the important supply as well as pricing risks of company while achieving an outstanding economical growth in even negative and flat fiscal conditions. After analyzing Apples most recent balance sheets and Income statements and integrating that information with his knowledge of the company, Tarpey was unsure if he should tell his customers to buy, hold, or sell Apples common stock. Apples stock price had done very well over the past few years and the company was still the leader of the industry and a solid performer. However, Tarpey had a number of concerns about the companys future. For example, how dependent was Apple on Steve Jobs and how long would it take for Apples competitors to catch up with the companys lead in product development and perhaps even surpass Apple? It is essential that Apple continue to grow to remain a strong competitor in the industry. Tarpey should advice shareholders to hold their current stocks. If company continues to grow, shareholders would Increase in value. Tarpey outlined concerns in the Zero based economy or the world-wide crisis faced by leading technology provider like Apple. He was also concerned about stakeholders. In addition, he is also concerned for index pricing risks of company while achieving an outstanding economical growth in even negative and flat fiscal conditions (Apple.com, 2015). It is essential that Apple continues to grow to remain a strong competitor in the industry. Tarpey is facing the complexity in terms of advising shareholders to hold or sell their current stocks. However, Apples continues to grow and accordingly shareholders can Increase the values of their stock (Apple.com, 2015). In addition, global sales of the apple products are reducing due to competition therefore stakeholders are confused regarding dividend payout and liquidity of the organisation. As well as Tarpey is concerned about the prospective fall in sales after death of Steve Jobs who is mainly the face or image of Apple group of companies. In addition, it is observed that the Apple is earning growth in the sales and profitability during the year 2008 to 2010 so Apple is able to cope up with financial crisis related challenges. References: Hoffmann, A. (2014). Zero-interest Rate Policy and Unintended Consequences in Emerging Markets. The World Economy, 37(10), pp.1367-1387. Viju, C., Yeung, M. Kerr, W. (2013). Zero Tolerance for GM Flax and the Rules of Trade. The World Economy, 37(1), pp.137-150. Moustafa H. A., Hitesh , J. A., et al. (2011), Apple Inc.: Performance in a Zero-Sum World Economy, General Issues in Strategic Management, 7(4), pp- 1-15. Apple.com, (2015). Apple (United Kingdom) - Apple Press Info. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Apple.com, (2015). Apple (United Kingdom) - Apple Press Info - Apple Reports Fourth Quarter Results. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2014/10/20Apple-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results.html [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Apple.com, (2015). Apple (United Kingdom) - Apple Press Info - Product Images Info. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/products/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015]. Apple.com, (2015). Apple (United Kingdom) - Apple Press Info - App Store Sales Top $10 Billion in 2013. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/uk/pr/library/2014/01/07App-Store-Sales-Top-10-Billion-in-2013.html [Accessed 13 Feb. 2015].

Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka Essay Example

Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka Essay Speaker Paper (Dr. Carl Selavka) Dr. Carl Matthew Selavka is one of the world-renowned forensic toxicologists of today. Dr. Selavka has a strong background in biology, chemistry, and forensics, and illustrated that it would be very helpful in the field of forensic science. His background originated from Indiana University where he received his Bachelor of Arts double major in Chemistry and Forensic Science and at Northeastern University where he received a Master of Science in Forensic Chemistry in 1985 and his Doctor of Philosophy in Forensic Analytical Chemistry in 1987. Upon completing the ROTC program at Indiana, Dr. Selavka went to serve the US army. Upon serving, he attended graduate school and continued in education until he received his Doctoral at Northeastern before serving as an active duty member in the United States Army Medical Service Corps from 1987 to 1991. After serving a number of positions in the US Army medical service corps, Dr. Selavka began a career as Director of Forensic Operations at the National Medical Services, Inc. in Willow Grove, PA. One of the main duties he undertook included overseeing the Forensic Science Division of a private toxicology and criminalistics laboratory. We will write a custom essay sample on Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Toxicology Paper on Mathew Selavka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In February 1994, Dr. Selavka was promoted to the Director of Criminalistics where he undertook the responsibility of all administrative aspects of the Criminalistics Department. During his position here, he oversaw many different cases where the quantitative and qualitative analysis of drugs found in things ranging from botanicals to IV bags was performed. In 1996, Dr. Selavka left this position to become a Director of Forensic Services at the New York State Division of Criminal Justice services in Albany, New York. In the two years he was there, he accomplished many things from directing the implementation and maintenance of the DNA databank for NY State convicted offenders to implementing centralized training for NYS forensic scientists. By the summer of 1998 Dr. Selavka had transitioned to Director of the Massachusetts State Police Crime Laboratory system in Sadbury Massachusetts. The State Police Crime Laboratories were engaged in all types of criminalistics analysis ranging from forensic DNA testing to toxicology to processing evidence from murder, rape and arson cases. Dr. Selavka was responsible for the State DNA Databank and Office of Alcohol Testing. After a nine year period working for the Massachusetts State police, Dr. Selavka left and became a Forensic Science Officer for the US Army Criminal Investigation lab in FT. Gillem Georgia for a year. He then worked as a Production services Manager for the US Air Force Drug Testing Laboratory in Brooks City-Base, San Antonio, Texas until April of last year. Dr. Selavka currently works as a Forensic Toxicologist for Avee Laboratories in Clearwater, Florida. He is also a Forensic Reporting Officer at Trimega Laboratories, Ltd. in London, UK; Cape Town, SA; Ulm, Germany, and a Consulting Forensic Scientist for the Department of Defense and Para-military organizations. Dr. Selavka’s presentation ranged on the many different aspects of Forensic Toxicology. The first part of his discussion centered on the types of drugs toxicologist are interested in. Drugs that were mentioned included benzodiazepines, depressants, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana and alcohol. Dr. Selavka pointed out that Alcohol stands out from the other drugs as it is the largest contributing factor to vehicle related accidents as well as consequently deaths. Dr. Selavka also included regular toxicologist studies such as the testing for carbon monoxide, cyanide, inhalants, metals, pesticides and herbicides. Dr. Selavka throughout his discussion participated in numerous engaging interactions with the students, often of comedian value as he illustrated the quantitative and qualitative factors of the range of drugs he discussed about. He also shared that baby boomers used drugs, only now were they using expensive opioid pharmaceuticals that they got prescribed from their doctors. Dr. Selavka had numerously communicated that â€Å"the statistics don’t lie†. A major area that Dr. Selavka has also considerable experience is testing for compliance. He mentioned that any type of employment that are considered safety and security sensitive positions will require some type of bodily testing to detect the presence of illegal drugs. The most common type of testing is urine testing. Dr. Selavka also spent a great deal of time explaining in detail how drugs enter the system, what happens when they enter, and how they leave. He explained the importance of this in four steps of what he calls â€Å"The Average Man Theory†. This theory was similar to what we have been covering in class from chapter nine. The difference was that Richard Saferstein focused on the details of how alcohol is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated in the body, while Dr. Selavka explained in greater detail how alcohol and other drugs go through this process in a human body. Dr. Selavka also explained the importance of each step on how it relates to testing and its elimination in the human body. In His presentation, Dr. Selavka also discussed how during the absorption process of a drug enters the blood stream through skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract and is carried by simple diffusion via plasma, proteins, or red blood cells. Alcohol was discussed in great detail, given its major role in our society. and Dr. Selavka mentioned some interesting facts that has also been mentioned in our textbook regarding alcohol and its absorption. Richard Saferstein demonstrates in his text book how alcohol can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream at radically different speeds based on the total time taken the consume the drink and its alcohol content, the amount consumed, and the quantity and type of food present in the stomach while drinking. Dr. Selavka discussed this process in a very similar fashion. After explaining the processes of absorption, Dr. Selavka discussed the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the alcohol content. Dr. Selavka used a chart in his presentation to communicate get detection windows of certain drugs and how long they last in the human body. This allowed easy comparisons and conclusions to be drawn from how long drugs stay in the human body and when to consider testing urine, oral fluid, breath, blood, sweat, and hair respectively. The information on a sweat patch testing was new to me and I found it incredibly fascinating all the while simplistically brilliant, or brilliantly simplistic. Dr. Selavka went on to explain the different types of testing and spent a great deal of time talking about hair testing. He expelled many rumors about hair testing that the class had preconceived, and clearly described the boundaries of hair testing today. He presented a diagram of the Dermal Papilla and explained how in this area the blood flow nourishes the bottom part of the hair located near the dermis and that it is where blood delivers drugs that become permanently trapped in the hair. After explaining the complexities of hair analysis, Dr. Selavka finally concluded the future of drug testing and its limitations and what to expect in the near future. Dr. Selavka’s presentation was very extensive and provided a range of information presented in a calculated manner. The quality of his presentation parallels that with his expertise in the field, and really engaged the class in participating and running mock conclusions based on previous cases he had encountered. All in all, he is clearly one of the leading experts in his field, world-wide. If he had more time, I would have asked him if he believed drug testing had a future, or could people be, ironically, using drugs to clean other drugs?