Mouse Trap: Woodstream Corporation

Mouse Trap: Woodstream Corporation The company that has been chosen for this case study is Woodstream Corporation. This company was founded in 1832 and was formerly known as Animal Trap Company of America. It manufactures and markets a variety of pest control products including rodent control, caring control for pets and different types of mouse traps. It has been around for more than 150 years and marketed over 2500 unique products. Woodstream works to bring innovation to consumers by combining category leading products with technology and it services to solve the business needs of the retailer.The business strategy of Woodstream Corporation, in its own words is: â€Å"Our ‘go to market’ strategies are structured to help you optimize inventory levels, maximize sales and grow profitability† (1). The company is striving to give its retailers the maximum sell through innovative products and grow profitably. The president of the company, Harry Whaley, came up with a new and innovative plastic mouse trap also known as live mouse trap, which is more effective and easy to use than the traditional wood mouse trap.However, sales haven’t increased and in this case study we are going to look at the marketing strategy used for two different mouse traps and how it affects the buyer decision process. In order to design a customer-driven marketing strategy, a company must first understand the marketplace as well as the customer’s needs and wants. Seeing a mouse inside the house triggers an individual the need to look for a solution to take care of the problem. That individual is now going to look for a solution that they want in order to satisfy their need.In this case they probably want to get rid of the mouse permanently. In the market place there are two mouse traps available for them with Woodstream Corporation. The traditional wooden mouse trap and the innovative plastic mouse trap which are made by the same company. The traditional woo den mouse trap is known to work fifty percent of the time and it costs 15 cents for a pack of two. The new plastic mouse trap on the other hand is known to be forty percent more effective than the traditional wooden trap but costs a little more with the price of 25 cents per mouse trap.Despite the great effectiveness of the new innovative plastic mouse traps, people still tend to buy more of the wooden traps. It could be because the customer-perceived value of the traditional wooden trap is very high that people still choose to buy the old snap trap. It could also be that the company’s president Harry Whaley was too, focused on innovation and maximizing sales and profitability when creating the new mouse trap that he lost sight of the underlying customer need and value. This is when marketing myopia comes into play.The traditional wooden mouse trap is cheap, good quality and effective in getting rid of the mouse problem permanently. The way it works is the snap bar comes down violently on the head or neck of a mouse killing them instantly. The problem is being solved right then and there because the mouse died. The old traditional wooden trap satisfies the customer need by doing the entire job on its own. The new and innovative plastic mouse trap on the other hand does not complete the job entirely. It is effective in capturing the mouse; in fact it is more effective than the traditional wooden trap however, it only captures the mouse.It doesn’t get rid of the mouse by killing it. Now the consumers are left in a serious dilemma with a live mouse in their trap. Most of them do not want to kill the mouse on their own and they also don’t want to release it near their homes because they are afraid that it will come straight back into the home. In this case the customers are left with a product that solved half of their problem and don’t know what to do afterward. They are not willing to pay a higher price for a product like that despite its effectiveness and innovation.They are more willing to pay less for a traditional wooden mouse trap that satisfies their needs to its entirety. Woodstream might have failed to understand what the customers really want when building this new mouse trap. The company also does not have a well constructed marketing program that promotes the new plastic mousetrap. The more innovative product design does have a little advantage over the old one however; the pricing doesn’t create a real value for the customers. The distribution channel is great because it is being distributed from the same company.Promotion on the other hand needs a lot of improvement. The old traditional mouse trap has been around for many years. A great deal of promotion and advertising was done for this product. The wooden mouse trap also gained a lot of exposure through cartoon television shows for kids like Tom and Jerry, and other media advertising. The new plastic mouse trap on the other hand has not bee n promoted well in today’s media. Not a lot of consumers know about it and for those who haven’t had a mouse problem in the past, the new plastic mousetrap is nonexistent to them. They are unaware of the new and innovated mouse trap.

Baby Shoes, Never Worn

Baby shoes, never worn The watch that hang over the table was ticking loudly in the silence. The two of them were standing muted in front of each other. They had been together for three years and each year she would ask him the question. She thought it was about time they started trying, but he still felt too young for the commitment. She said her biologically watch was ticking, but he maintained his opinion and told her to stop being anxious. He believed they still had plenty of time.One day she walked along the sidewalk and all she saw on her way was little people. She looked at Jumpsuits, diapers and perambulators. She got to a place with tiny shoes. She picked up a pair and caught herself in a mirror as she turned around. Something wet ran down her cheek and she could hear herself. Coming to her senses she stormed out to her car and drove home. She stayed up that night thinking about her misfortune. She decided to wake him up to convince him that the right moment was now. Luck wa s not with her.Wanting to put herself out of her misery and rage she discovered her hand moving to give him a red mark on the side of his head. She had never worried this much about anything before and he had never seen her this way before. The chaotic atmosphere had filled up the entire apartment. He tried to catch her before she got to the doorknob but failed. Her mind was empty for everything but her wish. She kept driving into the night not stopping at any point. The tank was almost empty when the first light hit the windscreen.A petrol station was the first place she saw and it was about time to stop. She sat on the bench looking at a newspaper with wet eyes when she saw the advertisement. It said â€Å"For Sales: Baby Shoes. Never Worn†. Looking at the address she drove fast across town. The picture of the baby shoes hang from the ceiling. She bulled over when she reached the right block. The young Mrs. opened the door to the apartment. She was home alone. They greeted each other. They had a noiseless clock over their table in the kitchen.The needle went from number to number, silently. She looked around not saying anything, not complimenting anything. The Mrs. observed her walking through the apartment, but stopped her when she came to the room at the far back. She barely got to see the room, but it was plenty. She looked at the Mrs. expression, turned around and walked down to her car on the street. The car was empty when she drove home to him. The clock was still ticking over the kitchen table however not as fast as it used to tick.

Explain the future of Global Aviation which includes regulation, Essay

Explain the future of Global Aviation which includes regulation, economics and organizational entities involved - Essay Example The root of crises at the level of air carriers and aviation industry is fragmentation, one of the major weaknesses of airport management is a monopoly in the provision of services and ground service and refueling. Another problem, the complexity of current state of civil aviation and prospects of its development is the lack of transparent and economically viable national system of rates for airport fees and tariffs. The rates for airport fees and tariffs do not match the quality of services provided. In conjunction with practiced monopoly suppliers of kerosene in airports are extremely negative impact on the regularity and profitability of the airlines, often resulting in delays and the cancellation of flights, and sometimes for an end to the flights of individual carriers from any airport. International experience shows that the competition in the global airline industry, aviation industry and organization / management of air traffic can not develop completely independently and requires strong and coordinated support to the state. This calls for an early launch a comprehensive program of reform and greater coordination of the management industry in the new national project. Governments should adopt and consistently enforce the set-up that includes economic incentives and administrative practices aimed at consolidating the industry. This should set clear and transparent criteria under which these airlines should be enlarged. There should be the market of specialization airlines (as they enlarge) - domestic / international, local / long-haul, cargo / passenger transport. Such specialization should meet the needs of the population and the economy and meet the profile of the carriers(Baldwin, 1999). It is necessary to realize the strategy of building a national network of airports, combining ticks carrying

Humor and Socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humor and Socialization - Essay Example ..a 2005 study by the University of Maryland School of Medicine showed that laughter helps blood vessels function better" (BIOMED, 2006, p. 420). For academic integrity it should be noted, however, that not all experts agree on this point: Sahakian & Frishman find that that there are "many discrepancies and conflicts in the medical literature regarding laughter, humor, and their effects on the cardiovascular system" (2007, p. 57). Beyond the positive physiological effects, there is a social component to humor which sociologists and the psychological sciences have begun to explore. Van Wormer & Boes, in their study on the social perspective of humor in the emergency room setting, posit that "humor usually cannot be enjoyed alone, interaction and sharing are important components" but go on to conclude that "in the short term, humor can provide a healthy catharsis" (1997, pp. 89, 95). It is this aspect of humor which this study proposes to undertake. There is a case to made for the position taken by social scientist like Lauer, that "we find things funny because we are social beings, and laughter is just one form of communication" (2007, p. 22). That position, however, does not address nor allow for the solitary laugher.

The Importance of Reflection in Nursing Practice Essay

The Importance of Reflection in Nursing Practice - Essay Example This process, called a meta-cognitive process, is normally reflected in a number of our daily routines and activities. Thus when we have to attend a call from a patient in pain, what priority we accord to it will be determined by the values and beliefs we hold and how we assess the situation. Reflective learning calls for instilling of the critical nursing skills in nurses through participative and emancipative education. This in turn helps in empowering the practitioners to deal with contradictory situations. Such training implies learning continuously with regular evolutionary inputs. Daloz (1986) describes the characteristics of support and challenge and the ways in which they might combine to foster learning. He describes support as an affirming activity. When a teacher supports a learner, the teacher lets the learner know that the learner is cared about. White (1997) suggests that new knowledge and theory can be generated when a structured and analytical methodology is applied to reflect on experience. In general, reflective practices can be categorized in two types; Reflection-in-action is when someone is working, and learning at the same time i.e. being fully aware of he's doing. Reflection-on-action is learning in a simulated environment when the nursing practitioners are taught by their tutors with the help of practical. For example nursing calls for advice being offered to the relatives and friends of the patients. Nursing is a science as it requires studying the medical practices and science, but it's an art as well because working with different types of people requires an attitude of understanding the feelings and compassion. Profession of Nursing involves being well versed with the technical gadgets, bio-medical terms, clinical tests, test reports as well as psychology, since during the majority of the times, when doctors are not around, nobody from family or friend circle is nearby, a Nurse is supposed to be the bedside companion taking care of the person with all sincerity. During such times most of our behaviors represent a mixture o f influences from both implicit, subconscious activations, and conscious considerations. The profession often requires long hours of working and heavy workloads while dealing with a range of people from all walks of life. Therefore, reflection-in-action is observing the things and the surroundings from one point of view and then devising 'in-time' appropriate reflections. Therefore in my opinion the profession of nursing requires; Compassion for another's suffering and love for the feelings of their patients Very high ethical standards Commitment to their profession Good interpersonal communication ability Critical cognitive process based thinking ability Highest standards of integrity and honesty Dealing with difficult and often unpleasant circumstances Working in physically demanding and often stressful environment Continuous aptitude for learning throughout one's life. Schon (1983) therefore calls for a "reflective practicum" to be an integral part of professional education. Lamb & Huttlinger, (1989) advocates reflection has a method by which nurses can enhance their future prospects and research practices. Williams (2001) enlists the results of a survey

Havoc Mouldings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Havoc Mouldings - Essay Example There will be some human resource and ethical issues but they can be dealt competently by taking necessary steps for mitigating their risks. Introduction of Havoc Mouldings Ltd. Havoc Mouldings Ltd. has been present in the market since 1977 and it has been mainly offering its services to the UK aerospace, marine, motor and chemical process industries. The product range of the company comprises of kayaks, hulls and decks for yachts, data buoys, mooring buoys, process cylinders, kit car bodies, after market body kits and radar domes; all of these products are manufactured by hand so that the customers are provided the best quality. Recently, the company has been approached by Boeing from USA for setting up and manufacturing of various precision parts required for smart bombs along with an innovative and latest cruise missile. There are certain challenges which the organisation has to deal with such as strict rules and regulations regarding usage of hazardous materials, installation of equipment for ventilation and investment in vacuum moulding process for fulfilling the requirements of Boeing. ... The main aim of these developments in IT is to provide the companies ample opportunities for enhancing their production levels and respond quickly to the customer’s demands (Agrawal, Subramania & Kapoor, 2010, p.201; Caldas & David, 2005, p.4). Considering the scenario of Havoc Mouldings, it will have to implement the new methods of operations management. According to Wamba and Bendavid (2008), the manufacturing processes have evolved from lean processes to agile ones that have the ability of anticipating the changes in customer’s requirements (p.3) and they are so flexible that they can quickly incorporate the modifications in the final output (Inman et al., 2011, p.346). An organisation has to utilise various technology theories that have been developed by the researchers in the field of IT so that it can ensure that it has the latest production process and IT system installed within the firm (Smith, McKeen & Singh, 2007, p.52). The best technology theory that is comp atible with the current business environment is Technology Adaptation Theory. According to Bardhan, Whitaker and Mithas (2006), this theory states that the technology is the main driver for altering the working environment of the organisation so that it creates innovative conditions and routines along with some problems; the issues associated with new technology have to be realized and technology has to be modified for resolving them (p.23). Hence, technological changes are part of a continuous cycle of adjustment to the new working conditions. As we all know that everything in this world has both positive aspects as well as negative aspects. The positive aspect needs to be considered

Personal Protective Equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Protective Equipment - Essay Example For the purpose employers plan and execute a Health, Safety and Environmental (HS&E) Policy for its organization that monitors and assesses process, material, product, working environment, premise for identification, elimination and future prevention of a hazard. This is done through elimination of a potential hazard through substitution or reducing its impact through engineering and administrative controls. Controlling a hazard at the source is the best way to protect the employees. Substitution method involves replacing an ingredient / material use in the process or a machine with a less dangerous one. Engineering control involves building a barrier between the employees and the hazard through enclosure, isolation and ventilation (ILO, n.d.). Administrative control limits the amount of time an employee spends at a hazardous job by changing work schedules, providing longer rest period or shorter work shifts, or shifting hazardous work process where limited people would be exposed. T his measure reduces exposure time and does not eliminate the hazard. If all control measures fail then employer must provide their employees with appropriate PPE, along with training for usage, cleaning & maintenance of (CCOHS, 2011). PPE is worn to minimize exposure to a hazard and does not in any way reduce the hazard itself. Hence they are considered as the last resort / choice in control measures. A very common workplace hazard is noise pollution experienced on account of repair / maintenance being conducted nearby or in the same building on near floors or even on the same floor in an adjacent room. Usually employer provide ear plugs or muffs (PPE) as a common control measure assuming that the discomfort / hazard is temporary and would be eliminated once the repair work is done. Wearing hearing protection reduces the noise and likelihood of hearing damage however does not in any way

Article #5 Joy in School by Steven Wolk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article #5 Joy in School by Steven Wolk - Essay Example Coming up with new things gives a student sense of importance. They become empowered and given a chance to experience how demanding invention is (Wolk, 2010). Teachers should provide space in school and exhibit students’ original work. They can decide to place photographs of students against their work. A student comes up with ideas and teachers help to design and develop them. School space should be welcoming and lively. They give a feeling of freedom to learn than boredom and rigidity (Wolk, 2010). Students should have free areas where they can read from and discuss. They should be colorful to set in a vibrant and joyful sight. Students should be allowed to spend some time outdoors and interact with nature. Going for recess and having outdoor classes set them in a jovial mood. Reading of excellent books like story books gives joy to students since they are not too serious books. Arts and gym classes should be considered as valuable as the other classes. Students have different talents, which can only be realized if given a chance. Assessment in school should be made more friendly experience (Wolk, 2010). Students should be helped to learn that failure is part of

Song of hummingbrd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Song of hummingbrd - Essay Example societies are usually divided into classes based on either economic and political affiliations or interests, with factors varying from one culture to the other. However, in the case of Aztec society, the hierarchal structures were strictly based on the social, political, and religious perspectives. With divisions into eight different social classes, the Aztec society was made of rulers, worriers, noble priests, poor, slaves, servants, and the middle class members of the society. Each of these individuals had a specific role that they played in the society. The worriers were a group of brave men trained and equipped with skills to combat war and battles. For the priests and the priestesses were bestowed with many responsibilities such as watching the planets and prophesizing, and divining incarnations for the gods among others. The servants and the slaves were owned by the nobility, with the only distinctive aspect between the two being that slaves were considered property while the servants were not considered property, with options of marrying. For middle, class whom also the largest of the society, comprised of lawmakers, accountants, and potters among other

In-service teacher training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In-service teacher training - Essay Example Such an analysis, based on four key texts, will re-assess the concept of information literacy in Angola, a developing African country. 1. Introduction Discussions over information literacy in the 21st century are very different from those in the 1980s. The report released on January 10, 1989 by the Presidential Committee on Information Literacy raised some important issues, namely â€Å"the Importance of Information Literacy to Individuals, Business, and Citizenship† and â€Å"Opportunities to Develop Information Literacy† [3]. In the same report, some characteristics of a new type of school were described: an â€Å"Information Age School† [3]. The recommendations from this document mirrored the optimism of such a committee, regarding the fundamental and revolutionary role of information literacy and the challenges this new reality presented to scholars, practitioners, and leaders. The question raised is how scholars, practitioners and leaders perceive the issue of information literacy in developed countries; whether in a national or a global framework. 2. Author’s Perspective Diane Zabel highlights the constraints of an attempt to integrate information literacy as a â€Å"mandated credit instruction† [4], based on the difficult current financial situation of many American students. In the article â€Å"Reaction to "Information Literacy and Higher Education" [4], this author is skeptical about the decision of integrating information literacy into the curriculum, especially involving librarians: It is naive to believe that it is easy to add a required course to the curriculum (†¦). The approval of new courses, majors, minors, and changes in the number of credits required for graduation is a rigorous process. Curricular changes must be justified, requiring the completion of a detailed proposal explaining how a change meets educational objectives and strengthens existing programs [4]. On the other hand, Lauer and Yodanis, i n the article â€Å"The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) : A Tool for Teaching with an International Perspective† [2], explain the advantages scholars have in adopting a less Westernized perspective and developing a global view of the teaching and learning process. Although the three documents share the recognition that information literacy has brought changes to the process of teaching and learning, these authors do not have a consensual stance on the range of application of this new tool and how this reality can be optimized. Zabel raises several constraints in the inclusion of information literacy in the curriculum, whereas Lauer and Yodanis suggest the â€Å"enhancing of global literacy through teaching† [2]. In the 2009 message to students, the dean of the School of Advanced Studies at the University of Phoenix explained the meaning of the scholar - practitioner - leader model. Jeremy Moreland stated: Viewed operationally, the model represents a paradi gm for incorporating lifelong learning (scholarship), social and workplace contribution (practice), and the ability to exert positive influence (leadership) in our learners' academic, professional and personal lives. This means that important theory and research may support professionals in the effective implementation of their work. Consequently, more pragmatic and efficient ways of organizing, monitoring and evaluating public and private

Rin vs Tide Essay Example for Free

Rin vs Tide Essay In the first move of its kind by HUL, homecare brand Rin has openly taken on rival P6s Tide, without the typical airbrushing or pixellation to hide the rival brand name on TV and ads on radio. The current high profile aggressive stand of Rin has a background story. There was a proxy war going on between Rin and Tide since December 2009. In order to retain its market share, in December PG introduced a low-cost detergent, Tide Natural, claiming in its ads that it provided whiteness with special fragrance. The product was positioned against HI-ILs Rin and Wheel. Tide Naturals was priced significantly ower to the Rin. Tide Naturals was launched at Rs 50 per Kg , Rs 10 for 200 gms and Rs 20 for400 gms. Rin was priced at Rs 70 per Kg at that time. The reduced price of the Tide variant was an immediate threat to Rin. Since Tide already has an established brand equity, Rin was bound to face the heat. Although HUL had another low priced brand Wheel priced at Rs 32/Kg, Tide was not in the same category of Wheel. Rin had to cut the price to resist the market share erosion. HUL was facing a steady erosion in the market share in most of the categories. In the detergent category itself, he brand faced a market share fall of 2. 5% in December 2009. With P;G starting a price war, HUL had to react and it did by cutting the price of Rin by 30% to Rs 50 per Kg. HUL also reacted to the Tide Naturals price war in a Guerrilla Marketing way. It took PG to the court regarding the Tide Naturals advertisement. The contention was that Tide Naturals was giving the impression to the consumers that it contained natural ingredients like Sandal. The court ordered P;G to modify the campaign and While P;G opened a war in the price front, HUL retaliated by opening two war fronts. One was the direct comparative ad and other through the court order asking P;G to modify Tide Naturals Ad and to admit that Tide Naturals is not Natural. So we can that HUL retaliated with an aggressive two-pronged strategy. * First, it challenged Tides claim of whiteness with special fragrance in the Chennai High Court, which passed an order on 25 February 2010 (CS 189/2010), directing PG to modify the advertisement since it was not really able to substantiate the claim of whiteness with special fragrance. The court has granted an injunction and directed PG to respond within three weeks. Three days later on 28 February, HUL launched an aggressive TV campaign aired during prime time It was Rin which won the Round 1 of this war. It generated enough Buzz about the brand with all the media talking about the campaign. Rin was also able to neutralize the aggression of PG to certain extent. Tide chose not to respond because further fuel to the fight can highlight the fact that Tide Naturals does not contain any Natural Ingredients which may negatively affect the brands standing in the consumers mind. So it is better to play the role of a poor victim at this point of time. PG can celebrate because of the free advertisement it got for Tide Naturals because of the comparative ad of Rin. Although Indian marketing world have seen lot of comparative ads, the Rin Vs Tide is a rare case of direct comparative ad where the brand has taken the competitor brands name and challenging it head on. That is the main reason behind the media noise about the campaign. PG India always was a laid back competitor in the FMCG market. Despite having the product portfolio and market strength, it never realized its potential. The company was happy with their minuscule market share in the various categories in the FMCG usiness. For television viewers, it was hard to miss the now infamous Rin commercial, which was unleashed on Indian television screens on Thursday (February 25, 2010). Perhaps bombardment would be a better word: the high-voltage TVC was supported by a media plan that included primetime slots across all major GECs and news channels, in an effort to deliver maximum impact over the long weekend. The ad shows two mothers waiting at a bus stop for their children, who are returning from school. They spot each others shopping baskets one womans basket sports a packet of Rin, while the other has purchased Tide Naturals. The Tide lady looks proudly at her purchase and brags about Tides khushboo aur safedi bhi offering When the school bus rounds the corner and drops off the two children, the Tide ladys boy is wearing a visibly dull shirt, while behind him emerges a boy clad in a spotless white shirt, who runs past the shocked Tide lady, over to his Rin mother. To make things cheekier, the boy asks his mother, Aunty chaunk kyun gayi? (Why is aunty so shocked? ), where the word chaunk could easily be a reference to Tides punch line, Chaunk gaye? The voiceover concludes that Rin is behtar or superior to Tide, when it comes to whiteness, and at a chaunkane wala price of Rs 25, at that. A super, Issued in the interest of Rin users, completes the commercial. Comparative advertising is, quite obviously, not a new phenomenon by any standards. Every other brand has dabbled with it at some point, while it is almost formulaic for some categories. However, to make comparisons with competition involves discretion in execution, such as air-brushing or pixelating a competitors brand name/pack shot, and most definitely, keeping away from referring to rival brand names. With this ad, however, Rin seems to have broken every rule in the book. But what may seem like a publicity stunt to some, is, in all probability, a well-thought out strategy on the part of Rins makers, Hindustan Unilever (HUL). There are two debatable issues in this advertisement: * The advertisement clearly shows a packet of Tide Naturals, which has green packaging and is a cheaper extension of Tide, which orange packaging) whereas the woman in the commercial says Tide se kahin behatar safedi de Rin (Rin gives better whiteness than Tide)- Does this amount to misleading the public as per the Indian Law? At the end of the advertisement, a line is displayed on the bottom stating hat this claim is based on laboratory tests done through globally accepted protocols in independent third-party laboratories and Schematic representation of superior whiteness is based on Whiteness Index test of Rin Vs Tide Naturals as tested by Independent lab .

Structural Performance Of Lightweight Concrete

Structural Performance Of Lightweight Concrete The Romans reportedly first used lightweight concrete during the eighteenth centuries. The application on the The Pantheon where it uses pumice aggregate in the construction of cast in-situ concrete, according to Hjh Kamsiah Mohd Ismail, Mohamad Shazli Fathi and Norpadzlihatun bte Manaf (2003), all with the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository, confirms the Romans use of lightweight concrete. In the journal article, Study of lightweight concrete behavior, Ismail, Fathi and Manaf recount that during the late nineteenth century, American and English builders used clinker, a form of lightweight concrete in their construction projects like the British Museum as well as in low cost housing. DAnnunzio (2003) reports: Lightweight concrete can achieve similar strengths as standard concrete, and it produces a more efficient strength-to-weight ratio in structural elements (p. 2). During the research paper which investigates the structural performance of lightweight concrete, the author asserts: When the builder or developer uses lightweight concrete, then à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ completing hypothesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the rest is just to show progressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. DAnnunzio (2003), reports the use of lightweight concrete as a roof decking and insulation system has expanded in the past five years. Increased usage can be attributed to the recent industry-wide insulation shortages and delamination deficiencies (p. 1). The increase can also be attributed to the economic and environmental advantages that lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) provides in roof assemblies. Lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) provides The reported recent industry-wide insulation shortages and delamination deficiencies. The increase can also be attributed to the economic and environmental advantages that in roof assemblies. lightweight concrete as a roof decking and insulation system has expanded in the past five years. Increased usage can be attributed to The lightweight concrete was also used in construction during the First World War. The United States used mainly for shipbuilding and concrete blocks. The foamed blast furnace-slag and pumice aggregate for block making were introduced in England and Sweden around 1930s. Nowadays with the advancement of technology, lightweight concrete expands its uses. For example, in the form of perlite with its outstanding insulating characteristics. It is widely used as loose-fill insulation in masonry construction where it enhances fire ratings, reduces noise transmission, does not rot and termite resistant. It is also used for vessels, roof decks and other applications. Figure 5 shows some examples of lightweight concrete used in different forms. Lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) provides The reported recent industry-wide insulation shortages and delamination deficiencies. The increase can also be attributed to the economic and environmental advantages that in roof assemblies. lightweight concrete as a roof decking and insulation system has expanded in the past five years. Increased usage can be attributed to Lightweight concrete can achieve similar strengths as standard concrete, and it produces a more efficient strength-to-weight ratio in structural elements DAnnunzio (2007, p. 2). John A. DAnnunzio (2003), president of IRT Inc., asserts in the article, New Lightweight Concrete Technology, as with all site installed materials, the quality of the finished product is based on the skill level of the applicator. Structural lightweight concrete, made with accumulation of lightweitght concrete aggregate, has been used in the United States for approximately 50 years. The article, Concrete in practice, what, why and how?, (2003) explains structural lightweight concrete has an in-place density (unit weight) on the order of 90 to 115lb/ft3 (1440 to 1840 kg/m3) compared to normal weight concrete with a density in the range of 140 lb to 150lb/ft3 (2240 to 2400kg/m3) (p. 1). Lightweight aggregates, such as clay, shale or slate materials, are typically used to make structural lightweight concrete. These lightweight aggregates are fired in a rotary kiln to cause this type concrete to have a porous structure. Air-cooled blast furnace slag may also be used to create lightweight concrete aggregates. There are other classes of non-structural lightweight concretes with lower density made with other aggregate materials and higher air voids in the cement paste matrix, such as in cellular concrete (Concrete in practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2003, p. 1). This type of concrete is typically used for insulation properties only. Lightweight concrete may be produced by injecting air in to the composition, by leaving out the finer sizes of the aggregate or by replacing the aggregate with hollow or porous aggregate. Hjh Kamsiah Mohd Ismail, Mohamad Shazli Fathi and Norpadzlihatun bte Manaf (2003), all with the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository, purport in the journal article, Study of lightweight concrete behavior, particularly, lightweight concrete can be categorized into three groups: No-fines concrete Lightweight aggregate concrete Aerated/Foamed concrete (p. 5). No-fines concrete may be defined as lightweigh concrete that is created by combining cement and fine aggregate. This type of concrete has evenly spaced holes throughout it. Strucural lightweight concrete is mainly used to minimize the dead load of a structure that is made out of concrete. This allows the designer to decrease the size of columns and footings, or other load bearing essential features. Structural lightweight concrete mixtures can be designed to achieve similar strengths as normal weight concrete. The same is true for other mechanical and durability performance requirements (Concrete in practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2003, p. 1). Strucutral lightweight concrete also produces a better strength to weight ratio for structural materials. Although lightweight concrete is more expensive than traditional concrete, the cost is offset because of the reduced volume of lightweight concrete, allowing designers to use less, which turns out to be less cost. When builders and developers choose to use structural lightweight concrete, the construction costs are lower and the building is much more durable. The researcher will purport the: Advantages and disadvantages of lightweight concrete; High Performance Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Proper Mixing Methods Volcanic Pumice Offer Conclusions Advantages of Lightweight Concrete Two of the distincitive features of lightweight concrete are its low density and thermal conductivity. Ismail, Fathi and Manaf (2003), explain advantages are that there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs. Lightweight concrete maintains its large voids and not forming laitance layers or cement films when placed on the wall (p. 1). A great example of the durability of lightweight concrete is The Pantheon in Rome, which was built over 18 centuries ago. Sructural lightweight concrete is in high demand for use in construction because of its lower density which results in designers ability to have a smaller foundation due to the use of smaller load bearing elements or cross sections. Harun Tanyildizi and Ahmet Coskun (2008), both with the Department of construction education, Firat University Elazig, Turkey, explain in the journal article, The effect of high temperature on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of structural lightweight concrete containing fly ash, lightweight aggregates are broadly classified in to two types-natural (pumice, diatomite, volcanic cinders, etc.) and artificial (perlite, expanded shale, clay, slate, sintered PFA, etc.). Lightweight concrete can easily be produced by utilizing natural lightweight aggregate i.e., pumice or perlite aggregate ( ¶ 2). The main advantages to using structural lightweight concrete are increased strength, more flexible and less coefficient of thermal expansion. Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Lightweight concrete applications do have certain disadvantages and liabilities, typically having to do with the cabability of the contractor istalling it. John A. DAnnunzio (2003), president of IRT Inc., asserts in the article, New Lightweight Concrete Technology, as with all site installed materials, the quality of the finished product is based on the skill level of the applicator. Lightweight concrete has additional constraints because the success of the system is based on the proper mix ratio (p. 2). One of the major problems with lightweight concrete is if the lightweight concrete is not mixed properly, it may have empty spaces that can lead to deficient strength. The compressive strength of lightweight concrete come from a foam additive, when it is mixed correctly, this additive molds around the cement which serves as an aggregtae. If the foam additive is not properly mixed, there is a probability of foam collapse, which weakens the products compressive strength (DAnnunzio, 2003, p. 2). One of the factors that leads to lightweight concrete failing is the mixing process is typically done at a jobsite, which may lead to human errors. Concrecel USA has developed pumping equipment that percisley weighs the ingredients and accurately mixes the foam and cement, to elimante the problem of human error. Table 1 depicts the advantages and disadvantages of lightweight concrete. Table 1: Lightweight Concrete Advantages/Disadvantages(Ismail, Fathi Manaf, 2003, p. 8). Advantages of Lightweight Concrete Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Quick and relatively simple construction Very sensitive with water content in the mixtures Economical in terms of transportation as well as reduction in manpower Difficult to place and finish because of the porosity and angularity of the aggregate. In some mixes the cement mortar may separate the aggregate and float towards the surface. Significant reduction of overall weight in saving structural frames, footing or piles High Performance Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Typical lightweight concrete is weaker than traditional weight concrete. It is critical to improve the strength of lightweight concrete in order to promote it for use for structural applications. Bengi Arisoy, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey and Hwai-Chung Wu (2008), Advanced Infrastructure Materials Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Milwakee, explain in the journal article, Material characteristics of high performance lightweight concrete reinforced with PVA, with a much higher ductility high performance fiber reinforced lightweight concrete (HPFRLWC) becomes superior to regular concrete because of elimination of sudden catastrophic failure of otherwise brittle concrete. Ductility results from imposed crack resistance due to bridging fibers (Theoretical background section,  ¶ 1). The researchers found that fiber reinforced lightweight concrete, when made with lightweigh ag gregates and air entraining agent, displays strain hardening by the addition of 1.5% fiber volume fraction. By adding about 10-20% fine cement substitute such as fly ash and silica fume, it improves both ductility and flexural strength. Improvement of high performance FRLWC may be summarized as follows: 50-150 times (5000-15000%) increase in flexural displacement (ductility) at ultimate load than plain lightweight concrete, 50-250% increase in ultimate flexural strength than plain lightweight concrete, 30-65% decrease in weight than normal weight concrete (Arisoy Wu, 2003, Conclusion section,  ¶ 1). Proper Mixing Methods The concrete mixture design, especially for lightweight concrete, has stressed compressive strength, and also the durability of the concrete. Chao-Lung Hwang Department of Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan and Meng-Feng Hung (2005), Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan assert in the journal article, Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete, ACI 318 structure code stresses both the maximum w/cm ratio to highlight the usage of pozzolanic material, and the minimum 28-day compressive strength to guarantee construction safety while considering durability of normal weight concrete ( ¶ 2). If a concrete structure cracks or become porous, it is more sustable to be subjective to harsh outside elements, such as acid rain and seawater, that may lead to its deterioration and the quality of a structure. Lightweight aggregate has a porous feature, because of that its compressive strength is typically low and the capacity it has for absorpution is fairly high. Hence, it needs large amount of cement paste to achieve suitable workability and designed compressive strength. This may violate the durability requirement of normal weight concrete as mentioned ( ¶ 4). Because the porous aggregate reduces the density of the lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) and because it fractures easily when mixed, it is critical to design the LWC with increased strength and durability. In various field conditions, lightweigh concretes, in regards to carbonation performance, have typically performed adequately. T.Y. Lo, W.C. Tang and A. Nadeem (2008), all with the Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, explain in the journal article, Comparison of carbonation of lightweight concrete with normal weight concrete at similar strength levels, some field investigations on the carbonation performance of LWC in ships and bridges at exposure age from 15 to 43 years, compressive strength from 23 to 35 MPa and density from 1650 to 1820 kg/m3 have been reported (Carbonation of lightweightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦section,  ¶ 1). The depth of carbonation in these structures varied in regards to exposure conditions, density and strength, and was typically less than 10 mm. What effect moisture content, porosity and cement to water ratio have on the limits of carbonation, have been studied by researchers. For example, Swenson and Sereda, prominent researchers found that the moisture content in lightweight concrete, whether high or low, was not favorable to rapid carbonation. Swamy and Jiang found that carbonation was higher for concrete with higher total porosity at a given water to cement ratio. Bilodeau et al. attributed the low carbonation in high strength LWC to low water to cement ratio (Lo, Tang Nadeem, 2008, Carbonation of lightweightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦section,  ¶ 2). Finally, Gunduz and Ugur analysed the carbonation of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete and expressed the carbonation was lessened when the aggregate to cement ratio of lowered. Volcanic Pumice This one is way over my head need to add a little from 8-next page 80 in raw research Pumice, a natural material, comes from volcanos when gases are released and the lava solidifies. Khandaker M. A. Hossain, Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada and Mohamed Lachemi (2007), a Canada Research Chair in Sustainable Construction and a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Ryerson University, both ACI members, assert in the journal publication, Mixture Design, Strength, Durability, and Fire Resistance of Lightweight Pumice Concrete, world pumice production was 14.4 million metric tones Mt in 2004. Globally, Italy remains the dominant producer of pumice, with production estimated to be 4.6 Mt per year ( ¶ 3). Pumice is mainly used an an aggregate in lightweight building block and other building products. Volcanic pumice (VP) has been utlizied as an aggregate in producing lightweight concrete. Pumice has been used for builing over 2000 years, especially in Rome and Europe where many pumice structures are still standing to this day. Lightweight concrete made with pumice and pozzolanic cement with volcanic ash/lime (developed in Mexico by the Totonacas) has survived more than 2000 years and provides an example of a low strength concrete and very long-term performance (Hossain Lachemi, 2007,  ¶ 4). Using pumice and perlite as additives has been found to supply increased resistance to the freezing and thawing of concrete, cement pastes and mortar.

The Main Functions Of The Nervous System

The Main Functions Of The Nervous System The nervous system is the control and communication system of the body. It sends and receives messages. The nervous system controls all our body movements. It is made up of two parts, the central nervous system (CNS), and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerves and neurons. The central nervous system; consists of the brain and spinal cord. Diagram showing the different structures of the brain. The brain; it is a large soft mass of nerve tissue that is contained within a vault of bone called the cranium. It is made up of the neurons nerve cells, and other supporting cells. The brain is composed of grey and white matter. The grey matter is the nervous tissues that formed the H-Shaped structure, and it is surrounded by white matter. The human brains has more than 10 billion nerve cells and over 50 billion other cells, an average weighs 3 1/8 pounds. The brain monitors and regulates our bodily functions and co-ordinates almost all our voluntary movement. The brain is our area of thought, creativity and consciousness. The spinal cord; it is an ovoid of column of nervous tissue that average 44 cm in length when flattened. It expands from the medulla oblongata in the brain stem to the second lumbar vertebra in the spinal canal. The spinal cord is the centre of reflexive action. There is a reflex arc that goes from the peripheral nerve to the spinal cord, up to the brain and back down to relay (spread) the action. The spinal cord is contained in a vertebral vault, and it passes down through a hole in each vertebrate. It is surrounded by other tissues, pia mater, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), arachnoid mater and dura mater. These three maters are called meninges, and they surround the brain. The anterior of the H is made up of motor cells from the fibers that make up the motor portion of the peripheral nerves. The sensory neurons enter the posterior of the H. The peripheral nervous system; this is the nerves on the periphery of the body. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is under the control of central nervous system (CNS) and also part of the peripheral nervous system, these nerves stay inside the body and effect organs and soft tissues. The autonomic nervous system is automatic, and in control of voluntary bodily functions. It is separated into two parts; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. It regulates the function of the glands, the adrenal medulla, smooth muscle tissue, organs and the heart. 1.2 Explain the functions of each part of the nervous system. The nervous system is made up large numbers of units known as neurons. They send, receive and process the nerve impulses inside and outside the body. Sensory neurons convert physical stimuli, e.g. smell, light, or sound, into action possibilities, which are then transmitted to the spinal cord or brain. Afferent neurons bring information into the central nervous system. We also have the motor neurons which transmit nerve impulses (sudden urge) away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands, and are known as efferent neurons. Brain; the cerebral cortex is linked to three main varieties of activity: Mental activities; this involved in memory, intelligence, sense of responsibility, thinking, reasoning, moral sense and learning. These are accredited to the higher centres. Sensory perception; this includes the perception of pain, temperature, touch, sight, hearing, taste and smell. Initiation and control; to initiate and control voluntary muscle contraction. The nerve cells initiate the contraction of voluntary muscles. Nerve fibres from Betzs cell move past descending through the internal capsule to the medulla oblongata, and crosses to the opposite side and descends in the spinal cord. The motor region of the right hemisphere of the cerebrum controls voluntary movement of the left side of the body. There is a group of nerve cells called the motor speech (brocas); it controls the movement essential for speech. The postcentral (sensory) is the area that perceived sensations of pain, temperature, pressure and touch, knowledge of muscular movement and position of joints. The parietal is believed to be connected with obtaining and retaining accurate knowledge of objects. We perceive spoken word from the sensory speech, and the auditory (hearing) receive and interpret transmitted impulses from the inside ear by the auditory nerves. The olfactory (smell) receives impulses from the nose via olfactory nerves and interpret it. Taste is the area where impulses from special nerves endings in taste bud and tongue, and in the lining of the cheeks, palate and pharynx are perceived as taste. The visual is the area which receives and interprets impulses as impressions. There are groups of cells called known as nuclei, they act as relay stations. It passes one neurone to the other in chain. Some important masses of grey matter are: Basal nuclei; it is thought to influence skeletal muscle tone Thalamus; this is where sensory input from skin, viscera and special sense organs are transmitted to before redistribution to cerebrum Hypothalamus; it controls the output of hormones from both lobes of the gland, and it also control the autonomic nervous system, such as thirst, body temperature, hunger, heart and blood vessels defensive reactions. Spinal cord; it is the centre of reflexive action. The reflex arc is the pathway of nerves through spinal cord. The first step of reflex arc is stimulation of a receptor nerve. They sense heat, coolness, pressure or over-stretching of the muscle. The sensory neuron transmits impulse to spinal cord. The sensory nerves link directly with a motor or glandular nerve, or go through in-between nerve and then to the motor of the glandular nerve, depending on the reflex being stimulated. The nerve sends signals to the muscles or glands to react. Visceral reflexes control heart muscle, glands and organs, and the somatic reflexes control involuntary movement of the skeletal muscles. The spinal cord does the followings: Support the body and the skull, helps us to stand upright and maintain body balance. Flexible movement; it allows and helps the head and neck move, and permit the body to stretch, lean, rotate and lean. It helps protect internal organs, such as heart and lungs. It provides base for attachment of muscles, ligaments and tendons (tough band connecting muscle to bone). It has bone marrow inside the bones of the spinal cord that produces red blood cells and also stores minerals. It connects the upper body to the lower body. Its intervertebral discs acts like a shock absorber. Peripheral nervous system; it is the autonomic nervous system which is part of the peripheral nervous system, that control the internal organs; it consists of the motor neurons. It has two systems, the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic system. The autonomic nervous system controls muscles in the heart, the smooth muscle of the intestine, bladder, and uterus. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the fight or running away response. The parasympathetic is involved in relaxation. Each of the two functions in the reverse of the other (resentment). The two systems act in opposition to maintain homeostasis (state of equilibrium). The sympathetic nervous system promotes the following activities: It allows blood flow to skeletal muscles and the lungs. It diverts blood flow away from the gastro-intestinal tract and skin. It dilates bronchioles of the lung. Increases heart rate and the ability of cardiac cell (myocytes) to contract. Dilate pupils (opening in eye) and relaxes the ciliary (surrounding lens of eye) muscle to the lens. It narrows all intestinal sphincters and urinary sphincter. It inhibits (adversely affect action of an organ) peristalsis. Responsible for the stimulation of orgasm. The parasympathetic nervous system promotes: The expansion of blood vessels leading to the gastro-intestinal tract, increasing blood flow. The constriction of bronchiolar diameter when the need for oxygen has diminished. The constriction of the pupil (opening in the eye) and contraction of the ciliary (surrounding lens of eye) muscle to the lens. The stimulation of salivary gland secretion, and speed up peristalsis (muscle contraction). The erection of genitals. The stimulation of sexual arousal. The control of the myocardium (heart muscle). 3.2 Explain the transmission of an impulse across a synapse. A synapse is the junction where communication between neurons and neurons between muscles takes place. Synaptic transmission starts when nerve impulse arrives at the pre-synaptic axon terminal. The depolarisation (less polarity) of the pre-synaptic membrane starts series of events leading to transmitter release, and the activation of receptors that is on the post-synaptic membrane. Synaptic vesicle lives in different pool; attached to the cytoskeleton in a reverse pool, or free in the cytoplasm. A number of the free vesicles make their way to the plasma membrane for docking, and sequence of primary reactions prepares the vesicular and plasma membranes for fusion. The membranes of the synaptic vesicles are drawn together passing through protein complexes that are articulated on the vesicle and pre-synaptic membranes. A depolarised axon terminal open voltage calcium channel and calcium ions run into the axon terminal and some of the calcium ions attach to a protein on the synaptic vesi cle membrane known as synaptotagmin. The vesicles are drawn closer to the pre-synaptic membrane, when calcium attach to synaptotagmin on the synaptic vesicles adjacent to the active region. Transmitter cargo is release into the synaptic cleft when the vesicles combine with the axon membrane. Some transmitter molecules attach to receptor molecules in the post-synaptic membrane. Post-synaptic cell response depends on neurotransmitter and receptor combination. After attaching acetylcholine, the channel opens and sodium ions enter the post-synaptic cell, and generate an exciting post-synaptic response. The transmitters are removed or inactivated quickly from the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine, an enzyme in the synaptic cleft, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), breaks down Ach into choline and acetate. The transmitter released from the receptor causes the channel to close. Some transmitters are not broken down by enzymes and many transmitters rapidly clear from the synaptic cleft and taken into the pre-synaptic terminal by special proteins known as transporters. This process is called reuptake, it not only cut off synaptic activity quickly, but also allow the terminal to recycle transmitter molecules. Membrane needed for the creation of synaptic vesicles, is also recycled passing through endocytosis of the pre-synaptic membrane. The recycled vesciles which are now filled with neurotransmitter molecules are ready for another circle of synaptic transmission. 4.1 Describe the main parts of the brain and explain their functions. The brain; it is a large soft mass of nerve tissue that is contained within a vault of bone called the cranium. It is made up of the neurons nerve cells, supporting cells. The brain is composed of grey and white matter. The grey matter is the nervous tissues that formed the H-Shaped structure, and it is surrounded by white matter. The human brains has more than 10 billion nerve cells and over 50 billion other cells, an average weighs 3 1/8 pounds. The brain monitors and regulates our bodily functions and co-ordinates almost all our voluntary movement. The brain is our area of thought, creativity and consciousness. Functions of the brain; the functions of the three main parts of the brain are the followings: The cerebrum; this is the largest portion of the brain, it occupies about 2/3 fractions of the human brain. The cerebral hemisphere is separated into two by a longitudinal fissure. The two hemispheres are joined by a fibre called corpus callosum that consists of long bundles of closely packed nerve fibres of about 10cm long. The corpus callosum has about 200 million of nerve fibres. The cerebral hemisphere is divided into four lobes by three deep grooves called fissures. From the front part of the brain to the back is known as the Frontal lobe, the Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe and Occipital. The right part of the brain controls the left part of the body while the left part of the brain controls the right. Frontal lobe- It is involved in inner monitoring of complex thoughts, actions and creative ideas. The anterior (front) portion of the frontal lobe is called the prefrontal cortex. The posterior (back) of the frontal lobe consists of the motor and premotor areas. Nerve cells that produce movement are located in the motor areas. Temporal lobe- it helps in the decoding and interpretation of sounds. It is the centre for memory and emotions. It also helps in language comprehension. Occipital lobe it decodes and interprets the visual information, such as shapes and colours. Parietal lobe- it is the main area for feelings, touch, hot, cold and pain. It takes different bits of information from the surroundings, organises it and communicates it to other part of the brain. The cerebral cortex; this is the outside surface of the cerebrum with a layer of 2-4mm thick. It has a greyish brown look, and it is referred to as the gray matter. The surface of cerebral cortex is divided into large number of folds, which increases the surface area of the brain. The Diencephalon it is made up of mainly subcortical nuclei, thalamus and hypothalamus. . Thalamus it lays crossway to the cerebrum. The thalamus plays an important part in the link between the sense organs and cerebral cortex. It receives bulk of incoming signal from the sense organs. It also determines the source of signals, evaluates their importance integrates them and passes them to the cerebrum. Hypothalamus it lies in the base of thalamus, weighs about 4 gm with a small vascularised structure. It is only about 1/300 of the total brain mass. It incorporates and manages visceral activities. It maintains homeostasis and the bodys internal equilibrium. The hypothalamus corrects the rate of heart beat and respiration whenever they go wrong. It is known as the control centre for fight and flight (Control Mind, 2010). The mid brain; this component forms the middle part of the brain. It controls the activity of voluntary muscles. It is made up of four small lobes called the corpora quadrigemina. The upper part is colliculi which receives sensory informations from eyes and muscles of the head; it controls all the visual reflexes and coordinates the movements of the head and eyes. The lower part control part of colliculi and receives sensory impulses from the ears and muscles of the head. (Control Mind, 2010). The hind brain; It is made up of the followings: Cerebellum; it is the second largest part of the brain and it consists of two cerebral hemispheres. They are located at the cerebral hemisphere and the brain stem. The cerebellum assists in the maintenance posture and balance of the body. It plays an important role in controlling the fast muscular activities of the brain, e.g., running and talking. Medulla Oblongata; this is the posterior part of the brain which links the other parts of the brain to the spinal cord. The medulla controls the subconscious activities, e.g., digestion and breathing. Brain stem; it is part of the brain that controls basic functions that are necessary for maintaining blood pressure, eye movements, heartbeat, swallowing and breathing. Pons Varoli; it is the base of the brain stem. It connects the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. It relays the information between cerebrum and cerebellum. It is the part of the brain that controls arousal and control respiration (Quizlet, 2010).

Womens Liberation Movement as Seen In Shiloh and The Astronomers Wife :: essays research papers

The days of the barefoot woman forced to stay in the kitchen and bedroom are over. Women’s liberation has gained voice in the last century and has emancipated many women, bringing them into the realization that they are not subservient to men. As this thought process becomes more widely spread, more and more women are seeing the truth of it. In the short stories Shiloh and The Astronomer’s Wife this theme of realization and liberation is dominant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason we are introduced to Norma Jean. She is a wife to an injured trucker named Leroy. Our first glimpse at Norma Jean is of her working out. â€Å"Leroy Moffitt’s wife, Norma Jean, is working on her pectorals. She lifts three-pound dumbbells to warm up, then progresses to a twenty-pound barbell. Standing with legs apart, she reminds Leroy of Wonder Woman.† (Pg. 68) This shows a bit about her strong, self-improving personality. Another look at this trait are seen in her attempts at learning. â€Å"Norma Jean is going to night school. She has graduated from her six-week body-building course and now she is taking an adult-education course in composition at Paducah Community College. She spends her evenings outlining paragraphs.† (Pg. 74) Not only is Norma Jean improving her body but her intellect as well. I believe this self-improving aspect points to an independence in her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Astronomer’s Wife independent woman is the farthest description of Mrs. Ames. â€Å"She was a youngish woman, but this was forgotten. The mystery and silence of her husband’s mind lay like a chiding finger on her lips. Her eyes were gray, for the light had been extinguished from them.† (Pg. 63) She had at one time been a bright beautiful woman but now she is stifled and has forgotten her beauty. She is very soft spoken. Every time she talks it mentions the soft tone or the hushed voice. This shows that she is a gentle and rather timid woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norma Jean starts having problems in her marriage with Leroy when he gets disabled in a truck accident and is anything but gentle and timid about it.. He has been on the road for fifteen years as a trucker. Now he is home for good and adaptation is necessary. He is all for settling down in the marriage but he senses her discomfort. â€Å"Since he has been home, he has felt unusually tender about his wife and guilty over his long absences.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education School Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet Copyright infringement, i.e., plagiarism is a crime that is occurring at epidemic rates in todayà °s society. Plagiarism can be found everywhere in this new age of technology. This is partially due to the fact that it is so easy to commit, as there are numerous resources on the Internet that people can use to pass off as their own work. However, it is also becoming easier to catch, as there are many sources on the web that work with people to catch those who are attempting to pass off other peoples ideas and words as their own. Today I decided to do a search on Yahoo about buying papers on the Internet. To my surprise over seven hundred thousand results came back with web sites where you could purchase a paper or essay of some sort. Although these web-sites all contain a disclaimer stating that under no circumstances should you try to pass their papers off as your own, the urge is just too hard to resist for some people. They see this as an easy way to get out of writing that paper they have been dreading working on even though it is illegal and these web sites state that you must site their web-site if you use any portion of the paper that they provided you with. Other people canà °t bring themselves to pay the money for a paper so they choose to simply cut and paste information from a web site with their topic into their own paper. Although there are many people that blatantly plagiarize, there are also some that do so unintentionally. It is easy to plagiarize if you dont know how to cite information in a paper properly. Countless amounts of people put quotes or the citation in the wrong place, which often results in plagiarism. This can also occur when a person does not properly paraphrase a statement that they got from a source. Therefore, it is quite easy to commit plagiarism whether you mean to or not. In this new decade of technology it is becoming easier for teachers and professors to catch plagiarizers, for example the web sites such as www.

Concord University Department of Education :: Colleges Education Teaching Essays

Concord University Department of Education Philosophy Statement Forest Witcraft once said, "One hundred years from now, it will not matter what my bank account was, the size of my house, or what kind of car I drove. But the world may be a little better, because I was important in the life of a child." Teachers are not just educators; they are parents, social workers, nurses, and even friends. I believe that a good teacher can play all of those roles and more at the same time, without wavering. Children are not only our future, but they are our present. Without children, there is no hope, no love, or no potential. If our children cannot look to us, educators, as role models, who will they look too? I feel that the only way to become a good role model is to be an effective teacher. By using an open mind and an open heart, I plan to touch the life of a child in a positive, educational manner. For if one life can be forever changed, so will mine. The definition of education is â€Å"the action or process of educating or of being educated, knowledge and development resulting from an educational process† (Webster Online Dictionary, 2004). We are not just talking about teaching, we are talking about effective teaching; Bringing a child from dark to light when it comes to learning. But how do we teach effectively? I believe motivation is the best key. If you cannot motivate your student’s to their best, then you’re not being an effective teacher. For this motive, teachers should make the learning process fun. If learning is fun and entertaining, students learn and don’t even realize it. Also, to be an effective teacher we must have high standards and high expectations. High standards and expectations make the students expand their minds and they are forced to excel in their work. But can you force students to excel? Yes, with the proper incentive. This then brings us back to motivation. As teacher, we should not strive to be good, but strive to be the best. For if we as instructors reach for the best, so will our students. Our attitudes are greatly reflected onto our children. I remember so many times having teachers who were just at school for the pay check and how it greatly showed in their work. I also remember teachers who were genuinely excited about teaching.

Rolls Royce

Executive Summary Purpose Set a management plan that can make Rolls Royce become more competitive and effective under the global economy background Scope Management and the four new plans of Roll- Royce Company Main points discussed †¢ Organization structure ? The traditional hierarchical structure: advantages & disadvantages ? Suggestion: make a new structure & strength †¢ Organization culture ? Analysis values, norms and artefacts & examples ? Suggestions in changing organization culture †¢ Change management 1. Likely reasons for resistance to change Uncertainty and insecurity to change ? Threat to status and skill 2. Likely reasons for resistance to change ? Motivate all levels of employees ? Strengthen the education and communication †¢ Other relevant factors ? Financial report and budgetary control is essential for the plans ? Managing marketing is also very import to get the global marketing Conclusions Rolls-Royce could get huge of profits if they change th e organization and management which we suggest under the current situation. Recommendations Mission: design a change management planObjective: To design a plan in term of analyzing current organization structure, culture in light of the recent changes in the global economy. Introduction Background: In 1904, Charles Rolls and F. Henry Royce decided to create a company in England together which the name called â€Å"Rolls Royce†. The company was mainly producing engines and luxury cars. In 1906, they produced Silver Ghost and then, they became the best car company. During the First World War, Rolls Royce produced a new aero-engine that supplied important power to allies.Therefore, they became a successful airplane company. (T. A. Heppenheimer, 2008) Recently, Rolls Royce announced to invest ? 300m to open 4 factories about nuclear power and aero-technology and It may also create 800 jobs. (Guardian, 28 July, 2009) Purpose of report: The purpose of this report will introduce a m anagement plan which includes organization structure, organization culture, changing management and other relevant factors to ensure Rolls Royce become more effective and successful, especially under the recent changes in global economy. Organization structure Current structure:Organization structure is the way in which it divides its labor into distinct tasks and then achieves coordination among them. (David Boddy, 4th, P319) †¢ Rolls-Royce uses a hierarchical structure to manage the company. †¢ It belongs to a pyramidal structure and there are a lot of layers between the top and the bottom in the company. †¢ Each division has managers for supervision and the staff in each division needs to follow the manager’s decision. †¢ Advantage of hierarchical organization is that employees know their objectives clearly in their job task and carry out efficiently.Furthermore, every staff specialize their job. Suggestions for changing in structure: In order to adapt to the global markets as well as maintaining the existing strengths, managers constantly need to find a variety of creative ways to build and arrange the work of the organization, and try to take actions in response to the demands of customers, employees and other stakeholders. Finally, managers are determined to create a leaner and more agile support structure. (Times online, 11 Jan 2008) It is the matrix structure that is highly fluid and flexible.Without the division of functions and rigid hierarchy, decision-making and action-taking slowly are avoided. Organization Culture Current culture: General speaking, organizational culture is the personality of the organization and it is divided into the value, norm and artefact. (Carter Mc, 2000) †¢ David L. Goetsch and Stanley B. Davis points at that value are explained as what the organization thinks is important. (David and Stanley. 2003, P. 153) †¢ The second one is norms which is a kind of intangible behavior and informal way to guide people how to do. (David, B. 2008) Suggestions for changing in culture: We think that Rolls-Royce need to change a minority of organization culture although its culture is good in terms of many evidences from many resources. Rolls-Royce should pay more attention to other sections because the majority of revenue is from service and many sections have not get high revenue, such as energy, marine, defence and civil. (Rolls Royce: The half-year report 2009 presentation, 2009) Change management Likely reasons for resistance to change: †¢ Uncertainty and insecurity to change ? It will cause the resistance if the change threats the personal status. Prentice Hall, 2002) With the change progressing, some of the employees will be promoted; however, part of the position of employees will be reduced. Obviously, this part of staffs is more likely to resist change. ? For skills, the organizational change often accompanies the change of skills. Such as nuclear technique, for inst ance, nuclear technique is new skills to English people, so people have to learn more skills to adapt the work, which will also cause the resistance. Likely precautions taken to run change smoothly: †¢ Motivate all levels of employees †¢ Strengthen the education and communicationThe best method to remove the sense of uncertainty of staffs is to educate and communicate with them frequently. (John P. Kotter and Leonard A. Schlesinger, 1979) Ensuring staffs get all of the information about change and inspiring their confidence to the future is the premise for staffs to accept the change. Administrator should let the staffs realize the necessity of the change and provide all of the information as much as possible. Once the staffs realize the progress of change and likely consequences, they will often help with the implementation of the change and will become the suppliers of the change but not the resisters.Other relevant factors †¢ Financial report and budgetary control Rolls-Royce announces ? 300m for UK factory plan, so it is a huge plan of the capital. In addition, government contributing ? 45m, it means that this plan integrate with government and Rolls-Royce company. However, the relationship with government is very important. Therefore, the financial report and budgetary control are essential. Because it is fundamentally important to understand the financial environment in which organizations operate. (Boddy, D. 2008) Rolls-Royce is planning to achieve ? 55. 5bn order book by the four plans over the next five or six years.Obviously, managers need budget every year for the next years’ plan for the company and government. After that, Rolls-Royce could make decision for next step to achieve objective and even overreach the objective. †¢ Managing marketing The plans are about aerospace technologies and new nuclear power stations. These both belong to external point technology. It could develop the global marketing if these plans succe ssful. Because the plans include research program about cutting CO? emissions from aircraft and improve fuel efficiency. It is good for current situation that global warming and in short of fuel supply.Therefore, we will put the plans on the global marketing. Conclusion Rolls-Royce is a top company in the world which is built in 1904. Nowadays, the company has 4 new plans about aero-technology and nuclear power in UK. We discuss the Rolls-Royce’s organization structure & culture, change management, and other factors to analysis the company how to get the highest profits. Although it is one of the successful companies in the world, it still has some disadvantages in their organization and management. So, our view of the opinion is changing some organization and management which we suggest that Rolls-Royce could get huger of profits.Recommendations †¢ Rolls-Royce should change a more flexible structure that is the matrix structure. †¢ The company should pay more atten tion to other sections except service. (Rolls Royce: The half-year report 2009 presentation, 2009) †¢ Rolls Royce could deliver unemployed people to new plants in order to minimum the quantity of cutting employees and providing unemployment compensation to unemployed people. (Guardian, 28 July, 2009) †¢ People will be more willing to accept and implement the change if people are able to take part in planning a change. Administrator should let the staffs realize the necessity of the change and provide all of the information as much as possible. †¢ The company should change a more flexible structure that is the matrix structure. Appendices †¢ The performance of Rolls Royce is still positive in half 2009, such as in the aspects of order book, revenue, underlying profits, average net cash and payments to shareholders. [pic] †¢ Rolls Royce’s customer service is outstanding because Rolls-Royce has exactly aims of service. (Service of Rolls Royce. 2009) â₠¬ ¢ Background of change managementIt will cause the resistance when there are conflicts between organizational change and personal habits and value. Personal habit and value is formed by long-term accumulation, which is relatively difficult to change. Once the organizational change impacts personal habit and value, there would be the cause resistance of change. †¢ The â€Å"human side† of Change management Any major changes will have the problem of people. The new managers will be promoted; jobs will be change, staffs need to learn new skills and improve capabilities. If the manager acts against each other, the morale of staff and the ultimate effect will be affected. Evaluate the culture of company With Successful enterprise change management from top to bottom, it will gradually enhance the implementation of the speed and strength. Therefore, it is very important for leaders of every level to understand and lead corporate culture. Enterprises always make mistakes that assessment the culture of enterprise too late or never. A thorough assessment of corporate culture can help to evaluate whether the changes for the upcoming fully prepared to identify the main issues and clear internal conflicts. References Alan, J. 2008. The independent: Top UK firms announce hundreds of job cuts.Available at: Boddy, D. (2008) Management: An introduction, Essex: Pearson Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD. Published by Authenticity Consulting, LLC, 2000. . Copyright 1997-2008. Available at: David, G and Stanley, B. 2003. Quality Management: Introduction to Total Quality Management for Production, Processing, and services. Boston P. 153 Earth Times. 2009. Rolls-Royce shines with increased 2008 profit amid gloom. Available at: Falkirk Council. 2004. Available at: Graeme. W, Guardian, 28 July, 2009. Rolls-Royce announces ? 300m UK factory plan, Available at: Rolls Royce: Engaging employee. 2009.Available at: Rolls Royce: services. 2009. Available at: Stephen P. Robbins, Manage ment 9th Edition, P263. Rolls-Royce, management Available at: T. A. Heppenheimer, 2008, Rolls-Royce and Its Aircraft Engines, available at : Times Online 2009. Brown in charge of a dysfunctional Government, says top donor, Available at: TimesOnline. 2009. Rolls-Royce to cut 2,300 white-collar jobs. Available at: The half-year report 2009 presentation and appendices. Available at: John P. Kotter and Leonard A. Schlesinger, 1979, Adapted reprinted by permission of Harvard Business Review, Six Method for Dealing with Change.

Mockingbird Quotes Essay

Chapter 1Maycomb was an old township, exactly it was a tired old town when I first knew it. . . . There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, energy to bargain for and no m integrityy to buy it with, nothing to check up on emergeside the boundaries of Maycomb County. But it was a time of vague optimism for some of the quite a little Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear further fear itself. Chapter 3 You never rightfully understand a some angiotensin-converting enzyme until you reckon things from his point of viewuntil you climb into his pargon down and walk around in it.Chapter 7As genus genus Atticus once discuss me to do, I tried to climb into Jems skin and walk around in it if I had gone alone to the Radley tramp at two in the morning, my funeral would fork over been held the next afternoon. So I left wing Jem alone and tried not to smother him. Chapter 9When a child asks you something, say him, for intelligentness sake. But fa g outt make a production of it. Children be children, further they can spot an escapism quicker than adults, and evasion simply muddles em. You world power hear some ugly public lecture rough it at school, scarcely do one thing for me if you will you solely withhold your head high and salvage those fists down.No matter what anybody says to you, dont you let em get your goat. filtrate fighting with your head for a change. hardly because we were licked a hundred years forward we started is no reason for us not to try to winAtticus said, Youve a lot to learn, Jack. I turn in. Your lady friend gave me my first lessons this afternoon. She said I didnt understand children much and told me wherefore. She was quite right. Atticus, she told me how I should view treated her-oh dear, Im so non-white I romped on her. Chapter 10 Remember its a break to vote down a mockingbird. That was the lone(prenominal) time I ever hear Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I ask ed Miss Maudie about it. Your fathers right, she said. Mockingbirds dont do one thing notwithstanding make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up mints gardens, dont populate in corncribs, they dont do one thing besides talk their wagon out for us. Thats why its a sin to kill a mockingbird. Chapter 11 It was times worry these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest human who ever lived.The one thing that doesnt abide by majority rule is a persons conscience. Its when you know youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you go through it with no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. I wanted you to see what actually courage is, instead of get the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what. Chapter 13I never understood her assimilation with heredity.Somewhere, I had received the impressio n that alright Folks were people who did the best they could with the smell out they had, but Aunt Alexandra was of the opinion, obliquely expressed, that the longish a family had been squatting on one patch of land the finer it was. Chapter 14Thats because you cant hold something in your mind but a little while, said Jem. Its diametrical with grown folks, we- His maddening superiority was impermissible these days.He did not want to do anything but read and go mop up by himself. Chapter 19Mr. Gilmer smiled grimly at the jury. Youre a mighty good fellow, it seems- did all this for not one cent? Yes suh.I felt right moody for her, she seemed to try moren the watch of em- You felt sorry for her, you felt sorry for her? Mr. Gilmer seemed ready to rise to the ceiling. Chapter 20Our courts have their faults, as does any human institution, but in this country our courts are the enceinte levellers, and in our courts all custody are created equal. Chapter 22 Theyve done it befo re and they did it this night and theyll do it again and when they do itseems that save children weep. Chapter 23Scout, I think Im parentage to understand something. I think Im beginning to understand why Boo Radleys breatheed shut up in the provide all this time.Its because he wants to stay inside. Chapter 25 Atticus had used all tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson, but in the secret courts of mens hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell open up her mouth and screamed. Why couldnt I mash him? I asked. Because they dont bother you, Jem answered in the darkness. He had off out his reading light. Chapter 30Atticus looked like he needed lucky up. I ran to him and hugged him and kissed him with all my might. Yes sir, I understand, I reassured him. Mr. Tate was right. Atticus disengaged himself and looked at me. What do you mean? Well, itd be anatomy of like shootin a mockingbird, wouldnt it? Chapter 31 Atticus was right. One time h e said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough. When they at last saw him, why he hadnt done any of those things . . . Atticus, he was real nice. . . . His hands were under my chin, pulling up the cover, tucking it around me. Most people are, Scout, when you ultimately see them. He turned out the light and went into Jems room. He would be there all night, and he would be there when Jem waked up in the morning.

A Human Resources Management System Essay

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular based its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the dynamic programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin from software that integrates information extract from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through second one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software particular application both rigid and flexible.Knowledges handling adds strategic price.The function of human resources (HR) departmen ts is administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. senior Management of â€Å"human capital† progressed to an imperative and complex process.The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data, which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary.Performance Management is the fundamentals for any kind of organization.

The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human valuable resource management systems enabled higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass:1. Payroll2. Time and attendance3.Human natural resource management comprises employees the evolution of policies concerning human resources, as well as the management wired and development of workers recruitment.Performance record8. Employee self-service9. Scheduling10. Absence management11.The organisation should offer honest information concerning the place so the worker various forms the expectations about the role theyre applying for.

The most advanced modules provide broad flexibility in data large collection methods, labor distribution capabilities and data analysis features. Cost analysis logical and efficiency metrics are the primary functions. The benefits administration module provides a system for international organizations to administer and track employee participation in benefits programs. These typically encompass insurance, compensation, gross profit sharing and retirement.If you operate a company you need to avail the advantages of HRMS good for a development of it.Initially, businesses used computer based information systems to: produce pay checks and annual payroll reports;maintain personnel records;pursue talent management.Online recruiting has become one of the primary methods employed by HR departments to garner potential candidates for available positions within an organization. Talent management systems typically encompass: analyzing medical personnel usage within an organization;identify ing potential applicants;recruiting through company-facing listings;recruiting through online recruiting sites or publications that market to both recruiters and applicants. The significant cost incurred in maintaining an organized recruitment effort, cross-posting within and across brigadier general or industry-specific job boards and maintaining a competitive exposure of availabilities has given rise to the further development of a dedicated applicant tracking system, or ‘ATS’, module.Keeping a organization organized entails a whole lot of aspects.

The employee self-service module allows employees to query HR related data and perform some HR transactions over the system. Employees may query their attendance  record from the system without asking the information from HR personnel. The module also lets supervisors approve O.T.Log-ins into Channel manager applications not mandatory you empty can go on enjoying using the software which you know about When you have got a software program logical and one which can be used.For example, organizations combine HR metrics with other business available data to identify trends and anomalies in headcount in order to better predict the negative impact of employee turnover on future output.Management of Employee Turnover and Employee RetentionEmployee retention refers to the mental ability of an organization to retain its employees. Employee retention can be represented by a such simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of new its employees in a given period). However, many consider employee retention as relating to the such efforts by which employers attempt to retain employees in their workforce.Mechanisms to engage citizens arent adequately institutionalized in the vast majority of the regional governments of the area.

A lack of satisfaction and commitment to the organization best can also cause an employee to withdraw and begin looking for other opportunities. Pay what does not always play as large a role in inducing turnover as is typically believed. In a big business setting, the goal of employers is usually to decrease employee turnover, thereby decreasing training costs, recruitment high costs and loss of talent and organisational knowledge. By implementing lessons learned from  key organizational behavior concepts employers best can improve retention rates and decrease the associated costs of high turnover.Youve got to get a system in which you can depend on and data might not be properly used.Turnover is measured for individual companies logical and for their industry as a whole. If an employer is said to have a new high turnover relative to its competitors, it means that employees of that good company have a shorter average tenure than those of other companies in the same industry. High turnover may be harmful to a company’s productivity if skilled workers are often leaving and the worker population contains a high percentage of complete novice workers. Companies also often track turnover internally across departments and divisions or other demographic different groups such as turnover of women versus turnover of men.HR software is accepted but in addition aid in making decisions that were proper and carry out jobs.

Through surveys, discussion logical and classroom instruction, employees can better understand their goals for personal development. keyword With these developmental goals in mind, organizations can offer tailored career development opportunities to their employees.Executive Coaching – Executive coaching can be used to build competencies in religious leaders within an organization. Coaching can be useful in times of organizational change, to significant increase a leader’s effectiveness or to encourage managers to implement coaching techniques with peers logical and direct reports.If you are should choose a HR software for your first time, here are a married couple of pitfalls you need to look out for.As each generation holds different expectations for the workplace, it is important to understand the differences between these generations regarding motivation and engagement. Managers, especially, must understand how to handle the differences among their direct repo rts.Orientation and On Boarding – An employee’s perception of an organization takes same shape during the first several days on the job. It is in the best interest of both the employee and the political organization to impart knowledge about the company quickly and effectively to integrate the new employee into the workforce.ERP software may be used unlooked for various industries.

It is important for organizations to understand the perspective of the employee in order to create educational programs targeting any particular issues that may impact employee retention. Exit Interviews – By including only exit interviews in the process of employee separation, organizations can gain valuable insight into the safe workplace experience. Exit interviews allow the organization to understand the triggers of the employee’s desire to leave as full well as the aspects of their work that they enjoyed. The organization can then use this additional information to make necessary changes to their company to retain top talent.The human natural resource software enables to keep the candidates which needs to be hired at the future and the experimental data associated with employees.Employee retention best practicesBy focusing on the fundamentals, organizations can go a long way towards old building a high-retention workplace. Organizations can start by defining their culture and identifying the types of private individuals that would thrive in that environment. Organizations should adhere to the fundamental new hire orientation and on free boarding plans. Attracting and recruiting top talent requires time, resources and capital.Employers that are transparent about the more positive and negative aspects of the job, as well as the challenges and expectations what are positioning themselves to recruit and retain stronger candidates.Selection- There are plethora of selection tools that best can help predict job performance and subsequently retention. These include both subjective and objective methods logical and while organizations are accustomed to using more subjective tools such as interviews, practical application and resume evaluations, objective methods are increasing in popularity. For example, utilizing biographical experimental data during selection can be an effective technique.

Brand Essence Colgate Essay

The smart set chose for this grant is Colgate. Colgate is a variant of the Colgate-Palmolive check that make ups gunks, detergents and unwritten hygienics crops. Colgate foc workouts on spoken hygiene and is a manufacturer of tooth prehistorice and soup-straineres. Started in 1806 by William Colgate as a soap and wick kindly club. When William died in 1857, his short took over. In 1837, Colgate forgod their graduation exercise toothpaste and was the starting time line to introduce toothpaste in a tube. In 1928 Palmolive-Peet bought Colgate and in 1953 the take changed to Colgate-Palmolive (Colgate-Palmolive, 2012). at present Colgate is champion of the take manufacturers of toothpaste, with Procter & chance as their chief(prenominal) contention. combative agent tour in 1992 Colgate was the take inion in unwritten hygiene products, toothbrush competitors emerged as the fixation with viva wellness increased. Colgate has some(prenominal) large-mouthe d competitors that produce products that be potentially more than(prenominal) mature or co-ordinated gargle into toothpaste, creating sensitive features. The conjugation of tip with eye socket temper to competition for Colgate. The colligation of literal B with tooth doctors gave them the dentist recommendation lead. (Priestley, 2011) Consumer deportment is invariably changing, and bran- raw(a) applied science is emerging, thus competitors energy be offering promotions.environmental doerCustomers argon in the long run starting to pee communicate more or less spontaneous health and the immenseness of mumble disease. Colgate has to be sure and eternally introduce themselves with pertly technologies in auberge to slide by up with client companionship and needs. opposite countries atomic number 18 in like manner insensible of the immenseness of vocal health, and so the fraternity should chump them in stageliness to establish the attr action in viva voce precaution.A companionable contest is the market is maturement with competitors and as explore on literal examination cargon increases, so do the packs expectations and needs. thither is many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) family demographics, thence the friendship should make believe products for batchs diverse needs, such as sensitivity, gums, whitening. The products should likewise straddle from churl verbal health to hoary sensitivity.A scientific repugn for Colgate is the wishing of arouse ad. on that point is overmuch more advertising in media for peak, Sensodyne and different competitors. They use commercials, yarn-dye ads, social media to attract their consumers, where as Colgate uses a few(prenominal) advertisements and has commercials that are seen as boring. Competitors too own a variation of products and phase for somebody consumer needs. Crest and Aquafresh project true foaming gelatine toothpastes that a re late and different, composition Colgate be quiet lacks these new additions.A good gainsay for Colgate is its past tale with a telephone in 2011 (Health Canada, 2011). The caller-out recalled the Colgate query galvanizing toothbrush, which was a new-fashioned event. This could impress the companys paper and drive back the consumers to savor at new(prenominal) competitors when choosing their products.Consumer mover bandage the dicker antecedent of buyers is low, consumers are beseeming more cognizant of the immensity of ad-lib health and the star(p) competitors present. aft(prenominal) the nineties the cross boomers became implicated with their gums, because toothbrush companies improve their engineering and form alliances with alveolar professionals (Priestley, 2011). As customer demands pose and they adjudicate cast in their toothpaste and toothbrushes that are up to par with oral health research, Colgate energy stand to modify its products a nd technology. economic constituentThe assiduity is furrowed round off by expenditure and by category of remedy and cosmetic. If the miserliness shifts and the estate experiences inflation, it depart cushion the businesses rails and the product (Ali, 2012). With the actual unretentive providence in many countries, sales business leader decrease, or customers cleverness need cheaper competitors in order to compensate.